Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil Rights - Essay ExampleThe law was not an enough catalysts to bring just about change. Blacks became convinced that only nonviolent rampart was the best tool for change. peaceful resistance attracted the attention of the country and won the black movement support from Northern States and key statesmen. Strong polished right activism, through with(predicate) the use of non-violent resistance finally made United States to take action to guarantee equality in the lead the law for all citizens. The framers of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendment had one key objective to make Black Americans equal citizens in front the law. However, segregationist legislation (dubbed the Jim Crow laws) began sprouting from all states especially in the South following the compulsory Court separate but equal rule in Plessy v Ferguson. The Jim Crow laws negated the letter and whole tone of the framers of the Amendments. They promoted inequality between blacks and whites in Unite d States. fit in to lecture notes, Black people had to drink in separate water fountain, and eat in separate restaurant. On the bus, if white people didnt rush enough sit down, black people had to get out of the bus in order to give them seats (Lecture notes, 18 November 2013). Civil right activism developed in several phases, beginning with small isolated cases of protests much(prenominal) as by Rosa Parks who refused to give seat in a bus to a white person, but leading to the emergence of more militant movements, people and organization. Civil rights activism did not accept much success stories until there emerged strong and coordinated Organizations. As Patterson explains, though direct-action protest on behalf of civil rights for American Negroes (as African Americans were called in 1964) had a long history, it increased dramatically in the early mid-sixties. warring young people in organizations such as the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coo rdinating Committee (SNCC) spearheaded protests, mainly in the racially segregated South (Patterson, Everything you know about the 1960s is wrong). The Montgomery bus boycott saw the beginning of a new phase of protests. It elevated the meridian of some black leaders such as Martin Luther King jnr. It marked the beginning of nonviolent resistance to inequality in the American society and the discrimination of the blacks. Dr King, a charismatic religious leader utilise religion to support nonviolent resistance. He justified protest using religion and natural law. According to Carman, Dr King argued that Non-violent resistance is based on the belief that the universe is just. There is God or a creative force that is moving us toward universal love and wholeness continually (Carman, Martin Luther Kings philosophy of non-violent resistance). Off course, Dr King faced a lot criticism from his fellow clergy who questioned his religious faith for calling protests, sometimes against the law. He brushed aside his critics. While addressing his followers, he stated that we believe in the Christian religion. We believe in the teachings of Jesus. (Well) The only subdivision that we have in our hands this evening is the weapon of protest (Address, Martin Luther King). The opponents of nonviolent protests were not only whites. Other black movements, such as the Black cougar Party advocated for the use of all means to achieve equality for the black man,

Ibn Roshd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ibn Roshd - Essay ExampleFrom 1169 to 1172, he was the enunciate of Seville and later on world the chief judge of Cordova from 1172 to 1182. He became the physician of the royal court on 1182. He was exiled on 1195 and died in Marrakesh, Morocco in 1198 (Hassan, 1).He was noted to be having a wide range of impact in philosophy not further in terms of Islamic industrial plant but also in terms of the works by Jewish philosophers. Saint Thomas Aquinas pertained to him as The Commentator as the saint believed Averroes had a major role in the rediscovery of Aristotles philosophical works (Maslaha.Org). He influenced a handful of writers and his have was mentioned in their literary masterpieces. Dante referred to him as the man who made the great commentary (Maslaha.Org).Ibn Rushds Tahafut Al-Tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence) is considered to be his most influential literary work. In the said book, Aristotles philosophy against Al-Ghazalis claims that Aristotleanism was in consistent and was swaggering Islam. Here he showed being fair towards religion and not siding thoughts or beliefs that were meant to destroy the kindred of religion and philosophy. He did not turn away from his religious beliefs but instead he is incorporating it into studies in the field of science for the advantage of both fields (Rushd & Van der Bergh, 156-161).His works are still being commended and recognized. It is not because he is an Islam who had a grasped of Jewish Philosophy but because he disregarded ones religion to accommodate ideas and studies to be able to fully understand what was meant by certain literary works without having a negative connotation. Usually when a literary work is written, bias can be considered necessary that can oppose or agree because of a writers race, ethnicity or

IT Security As Required By Sarbanes-Oxley Term Paper

IT Security As Required By Sarbanes-Oxley - Term Paper ExampleHowever, it is a incident that Sarbox also provides parameters and mechanics for enhancing IT security. Thesis statement The benefits of incorporating the provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in IT security far outbalance the short-term gains of non-compliance, since the Act injects organizational transactions with security and confidentiality. II) Brief overview/history of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted on July 30th, 2002. Because of the original intention and the mandate of the Act, financial accuracy must be certified by the commission concerned. Because of the provisions of the Same Act, the penalties for financial fraud have been made more severe. Similarly, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 strengthened the self-sufficiency of external auditors who analyze and reexamine the accuracy of corporate statements of accounts and also bolstered the oversight function of the board of di rectors. Simon, Smalley, and Schultz (2009) debunk that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 comes against the backdrop of serious corporate and accounting scandals such as the Enron, Adelphia, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems Scandals. These scandals had cost investors billions of dollars, pursuance the collapse of the affected companies share prices. These scandals, together with their serious effects weakened public confidence in Americas security markets. The Act comprises 11 sections which range from criminal penalties to additional corporate board responsibilities. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 demands that the Securities and sub Commission implements rulings on prerequisites to compliance with the law. III) How the Sarbanes-Oxley Effects & Constraints on Information Technology Security (Industry & Management) Section 404 abidance One of the ways the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 effects and constraints IT security section 404 compliance is by emphasizing a compr ehensive understanding of intragroup controls, as a set of an enterprises internal procedures, providing reasonable assurances that the enterprise exit meet its target in all the specified areas. This is the case since Section 404 Compliance extends emphasis on not just historical financial reporting, but on internal controls also. Together with the rules spelled out in the SEC, there is a requirement that public companies management should assess and report periodically, on the effectiveness of internal controls on financial reporting. To this effect, it is given that the report that the management hands in must be tended to(p) by statements of evaluations by an external auditor to provide an attestation to the credibility and reliability of the conclusions that the management has made. check to SAI Global (2010), the portfolio that Information Technology Security Section provides also addresses matters beyond Sarbanes-Oxley, to tackle other auditing and good dimensions of int ernal controls and the responsibilities that sundry and all actors dispense, when executing systems of internal controls. Even though the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is leaner in scope than internal controls, the Portfolio agrees with the fact of the tremendous impact of the legislation and studies a number of its provisions which might moderations on diverse aspects of internal contr

Human Factors and Workplace Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Factors and Workplace gumshoe - Essay ExampleOrganizations should thus, ensure a unattackable work environment, which protects employees from physical hazards, unhealthy situations and violence from other personal. This is important because employees are the Human Resources of an organization who impart towards organizational success.The occupational recourse and health map (OSHA) was passed in 1970 to assure so far as possible every operative woman and man in the Nation safe and healthy working conditions and to preserve human resources. The Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970 created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration within the Department of labour in U.S.A. The importance of such laws loafer be nearly documented by the statistical survey of Occupational hazards. In 2000, 5.7 million injuries were reported in privy sector alone. 5,915 fatalities were reported in 2000 alone due to industrial injuries. The Occupational Safety and Health Act laws foil all the employers and their employees except a few federal governments, or states or political sub-divisions of a state. However, even in such cases, each federal agency is required to establish a Safety and Health program monitored by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.One of the key responsibilities of the Occupational Safety and Health administration has been the develop... These standards have been classified into four categories. 1. General Industry 2. Maritime 3. Construction and 4. Agriculture. These standards cover the workplace, machinery, material, power sources, processing, protective measures, first aid and administrative requirements. The Federal Register is the main source of information on proposed, adapted, revise and deleted OSHA standards. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has the power to set standards on its own account or on petition from other parties, namely, The Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Nation al Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Other bodies like state and local governments, recognized standards organization, employer or labour voice can also initiate standard setting. The Secretary of labour is the person authorized by OSHA to choose scrutinizeions of workplaces, to issue citations and impose penalties. He can enter without delay at reasonable times into every factory, plant, establishment, construction site or other places where work is performed by an employee of an employer. He has the power to investigate and inspect at reasonable times, any such work place. Violations on job safety and health can call for a penalty of $7000 to $70,000, depending on the seriousness of the violation. In case of deaths due to willful violation, a penalty upto $2,50,000 for an individual and $5,00,000 for a corporation with imprisonment upto six months can be imposed as per this law.In 2001 alone, $82 million has been imposed as penalties for violation of OSHA stan dards. Pennzoil products paid $1.5 million after an explosion at its Rouseville, Pennsylvania, refinery killed 5 employees. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration also helps

Nursing Care of People with Substance Related Disorder and Dual Case Study

Nursing administer of People with Substance Related Disorder and Dual Diagnosis - Case Study Example ab initio he liked drinking with his friends but over past few years, his drinking has become kinda escalated to the extent he is alcohol dependent in order to cope with daily cores. His convulsive expending of alcohol is genuinely pronounced, since he says that normally he takes a couple of beers in the morning and ends in the evening by consuming two or three bottles of wine and some mixers. Joe also appears to be very depressed and hopeless as he explained that he was feeling very low and downslope about having lost the only things that matters to him. Looking at his medical narrative, he appears to have lost coarse weight, which he explains by saying that he does not like eating, and he lacks appetite just about of clock due to nausea. It appears that Joe is in need of nursing care of people with substance related disorder and threefold diagnosis. Dual diagnosis refers to the comorbid condition of a person who is suffering from a substance abuse enigma and mental illness (Elder, Evans & Nizette, 2009). High-risk alcohol white plague is not a problem that affects Joe alone, but it is ordinary in Australia, with about 3200 people dying as a result of excessive alcohol consumption and around 81000 people being hospitalized annually (Australian Government, 2011). Moreover, the Australian community incurred approximately $15.3 billion in 2004/05 from alcohol-related neighborly problems (Australian House of Representatives, 2010). Assessment Biopsychosocial sagacity It involves interview or interviews combined with physical and psychological examinations that are aimed at gathering all the information related to physical, psychological, and social issues that may be affecting problems such as addiction, emotional and personality difficulties (Myers & Salt, 2007). Joe, in his late 20s, appeared to have all signs of a late stage drenching developing into alcohol withdrawal. He looked sweaty, eyes dilated and his hands were trembling badly. His blood/alcohol level was at that moment low. His nose and cheeks were red with tiny spider veins and when asked to extend his hands out in front, they were very tremulous. He looked more of a featherweight person with a distended abdomen. He scored high on the CAGE assessment test and did not have other drug substances in his system. Mental health status assessment Mental health assessment helps a healthcare practitioner to get the overall picture of how wellspring a patient feels emotionally and their ability to think, reason, and remember (Fabricius, Langa & Wilson, 2008). He appears to have a memory lapse, as he cannot remember people close to him - he kept confusing their names. His thinking was relatively slow, and the lecture was somehow slurred. It was apparent that he had lost control of his drinking and now his drinking has escalated. He was confounded and depressed by his situ ation. The divorce and custody of his child appear to have added hopelessness and misery to his predicament. For most of the time, he was feeling guilty and worthless for losing interest in things that were important in his life. His sleeping drug abuse is quite troubled since he has to take alcohol in order to sleep. Substance use biography Substance use history helps a doctor to assess dual diagnosis patient history of how they have been abusing substances, for what given timeframe and

Cognitive Biases and Strategic Decision Processes Assignment

Cognitive Biases and Strategic Decision Processes - Assignment ExampleThe actions did or applied to this humour require the compression of larger problems into smaller ones that can be managed easily. For example, A Bata Shoe sales motorcoach will solve the problem of reduced sales by first vetting the branch supervisors and thereby motive the salesmen etc. which are easier tasks to accomplish but will affect the end result.The avoidance sensory system, on the other(a) hand, entails the outlining of the strategic decision-making process with the aim of impressing authority. The main aim is to maintain the status quo and avoid trade. Basically, the avoidance mode applies the use of elaborate recognition of new problems that would render any new changes unnecessary. It is the finding of the problem that kills the change necessitating problem. For example, instead of a Walmart manager hiring more sales assistants, he will look at the live staff and identify employees who are unde r-tasked so as to prevent the decision of hiring new workers.When the manager is all focused on maintaining the status quo, they are more likely to be exposed to limited alternatives.

The Feminist Critique and the Postmodern Challenge to Anthropology Essay

The Feminist Critique and the Postmodern quarrel to Anthropology - Essay ExampleFeminism, as an ideal, is the collection of movements, associations, groupings and or establishments that aim at defending, defining and establishing meetity in the spheres of social rights, politics and the economy this pertaining to women. In addition, the ideal promotes the creation and provision of equal opportunities for women in some(prenominal)(prenominal) education and also in employment. Thus, a feminist is a person whos behavioral and spirit systems are based on the ideal of feminism (Fruzzetti 39). From the afore-menti mavind feminist movements, associations and groupings emerged the Feminist scheme, which aimed at understanding the causes and reasons for the forepart of gender inequality. This understanding was based on the examination of women lived experiences and social roles throughout history and into the contemporary twenty-first Century. From it emerged different theories that t ouched on a variety of disciplines this so as to respond and subsequently terminus issues such as the social construct of gender and sex. Some earlier forms of the theory received literary criticism for their taking into consideration only educated, white middle-class perspectives. As a result, of this criticism, was the creation of multi-culturalist and/ or ethnically-specific forms of the theory (Cott 73). Feminists campaign on the platform of Womens Rights bodily integrity, reproductive rights (including access to abortion and contraceptives), womens suffrage, equal pay, right to property and entry into contracts (contract law), and also voting. They seek to protect girls and women from domestic violence, sexual assaults and harassments among other violations. payable to its radical nature, this ideal has attracted its share of both criticism and blessings this in the form of pro-feminism and anti-feminism ideologies. Feminism and Anthropology As a result of the feminist criti que to anthropology, the approach Feminist anthropology emerged. It sought to study cultural anthropology and correct the comprehend andro-centric bias within the field. Its origin can be traced to early anthropologists such as E.E. Evans-Pritchard and James Frazer, who both displayed much interest in the notions of marriage and kinship. Women would thus, always appear in their ethnographies. Henrietta Moore, who is a prominent idealogue in (the school of thought of) feminist anthropology, though of the opinion that women had been included in anthropological enquiry and theory, was of the view that the problem was not the presence of women in anthropology, but in its representation, interpretation and understanding (Bratton10). consort to her, it is how women are included in anthropology that matters. Thus, the challenge, then, was to avail new critical analysis on the existing anthropological literature, including creation of new research that placed the Woman in the centre of it. This led to the emergence of conscious feminist anthropology in the 1970s this as a series of challenges to the male-dominated and biased anthropology. Rayna Rapp, in her work - Toward an Anthropology of Women (1975), was one of the earliest contributors to this emerging school. She argued that women and men experience gender differently this in reference to the myriad of social markers. The experiences of women were in themselves a legitimate subject for

Distance Learning Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Distance cultivation Education - Research Paper ExampleThere has been a recent explosion in the topic of raising of distance learning but the history of distance learning dates back to as archaean as 1728, when Caleb Phillips, who was a teacher of piddling Hand method, published an advertisement in Boston print to seek students to whom he would send lectures on weekly basis. (Distance Learning 2007).The Pioneers of distance learning relied on postal services in the 19th century to provide educational opportunities to students who were not able to seek education by attending conventional schools. An Englishman, Isaac Pitman, is regarded has an early pioneer in providing distance education. In 1840s, Isaac Pitman taught Short Hand using correspondence in the Great Britain. The University of London established its Eternal Programme in 1858, and became the worlds first university to provide the opportunity of attaining distance learning degrees to international and national student s. In the United States, the concept of extended education finished satellite colleges was established in the University of Chicago, by William Rainey Harper, who was the Universitys first president. In 1829, William Rainey Harper further promoted education by encouraging the concept of providing school syllabuss through correspondence, an idea that was originally put forward and practiced by Columbia University. In 1911, the Department of commensurateness studies was established in the University of Queensland in Australia. In America, Charles Wedemeyer of the University of Wisconsin-Madison encouraged the use of methods other than the postal service in providing distance education. In the UK, Open universities were established in 1969, which initially provided distance educational courses through radio receiver and television broadcasts and now some of these open universities have attained the status of mega universities. In the United States, Jones external University was estab lished in 1996 and is the first university to provide all its educational services online. The University is accredited by an accrediting association. Today, undergrad and post graduate distance education is provided by many private and public, as well as by for- profit and non-profit educational institutions. Following the recent explosion in distance learning, national administration authorities such as Quality Assurance Agency in UK and Distance Education and planning Council in the US, have been established to provide accreditation to distance education providing institutions. (Lau et al 2000). Virtual High teach Virtual High Schools or online high schools refer to the institutions which provide K-12 courses, in which the instructor and students are not only separated by time but by distance as well. The instructor provides the course by employing various methods such as multiple course management applications, internet, and resources relating to multimedia and video confere ncing. The students take place and interact with the instructors by using these same methods. (Distance Learning 2004). Types of Online High Schools I. State Sanctioned Online high schools In America, online high schools in fourteen states have been sanctioned by the state government and are designated as the States own virtual high schools. Such as the Florida Virtual School which in terms of enrollments is the largest virtual school and has been providing online educational services since 1997. Since its establishment the institution has been funded by the

Present and contrast Hobbes and Nietzsche's account on the Essay

Present and contrast Hobbes and Nietzsche&aposs account on the punishment - Essay Examplethat the monastic consecrate employees in treating those who have violated the societal norms and laws for Nietzsche, the members of the club feel fun by subjecting criminals to punishment. A searing look at the Hobbes and Nietzsches accounts of punishment shows that the main difference in their views of punishment lies in the concomitant that Hobbes analysed the meaning and the importance of punishment from the social contract bakshish of view, while Nietzsche analysed the importance and the role of punishment in society from the historical point of view.According to Thomas Hobbes, punishment is a mean that the society uses to enforce the social contract. For Hobbes, once the members of the society enters into a social contract or covenant, the members of the society total to dispense with some of their civil liberties for the sake of social order according to Hobbes, the members of a s ociety enters into a social contract and forgoes some of their social liberties for the greater good of all the members of the society. This is because the civil liberties that the members of the public forgo are vested in a sovereign who uses the power that he has been given by the people to encourage other individual civil liberties, and hence ensure peace and order in the society. For Hobbes, therefore, Punishment is a tool that the members of the society, through the sovereign, uses to deal with those who violate the demands of social contract, so as to ensure peace and order in the society.According Friedrich Nietzsche, on the other hand, the role of punishment in the society is to give pleasure to the members of the society through subjecting those who have violated societal norms and laws to punishment. In his analysis of the early procedures of punishment, Friedrich Nietzsche argued that, from the historical point of view, punishment was not meant to disembowel the law bre akers or the criminals experience pain and guilt, but it was meant to make those who were executing the punishment to

PR Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR Campaign - Essay ExampleThe callers strategy will inculpate a research analysis of the prevailing popularity and potential improvements to be made. In addition, it will focus on how to engage in creating public awareness, the mode of communication and the evaluation of the entire process. The goal of the entire course should be the efficient expression of Ashley Braddocks talents and gifts.Building the audience is one of the major strategies to achieving the results. The audience should be drawn from people of diverse ages, social and economic classes. In particular, we endeavor to begin our campaign by reaching out to the middle class. The middle class are capable of exciting the masses and then building her reputation. The middle class are the majority in the population, therefore targeting them will increase the chances of conquest by a big margin. The middle class people hit lavish spending patterns on leisure and are easy to reach. some former(a) from of audience will be drawn from the peers, institutions will pop the question a platform for a reach out to the young in lower grades, high schools and colleges.The net goal of the campaign shall be to build a lasting image to the public on the singularity of Ashleys gifts and talents. The company will be confined to make maximum use of the $ 75,000 to achieve the goal. Another goal will be to see a stepwise development of the public perception just about the starlet this shall be achieved through the frequent evaluations to be done on the extent of achievement. The campaign will have to establish a mechanism of reaching out to the masses this goal is captured clearly under the strategies. The other issue will involve management of the starlets time and opportunities to ensure that maximum utilization of each is achieved. Finally, the company will have an obligation managing Ashleys public figure in order to shield her from the proscribe

The Marketing Plan 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Marketing Plan 2 - Assignment ExampleThis is due to increased exact from young adults across the globe.Abundant experience in the energy drink market, carminedish bull was founded in Austria in 1987 and since then has grown to be the introductions most popular energy drink. The red bull brand is known all over and the high energy it represents is a hit with consumerslately there has been issues raised about the health effects of consuming energy drink and this might furbish up consumer purchases. People take keen interest in health and such news are legitimate by alarm by the massesThe emerging markets there are developing countries in the world such as those in Africa and these provide a ready market for red bull products. at that place is an increase in purchasing power in these nations and the good deal are readily adopting global brands.A potential large target group the target consumers for red bull are young people and young adults. This represents majority of the population and given that these numbers are growing the future looks positive for red bull.The use of energy drinks is gaining favour-in the past somewhat people thought that energy drinks were alcoholic. But this is fast changing and the use of energy drinks is gaining favour among the general population.Below is a table showing the competitors of Red counterfeit and their market appoints. Red Bull still has a lead in global market share but Monster is closely behind. In this regard, there should be a massive campaign so as to increase this lead (Ferrell, 2011).The key to success is offering customers a quality product that reflects a true value for their money. The Red Bull gives you wings are a popular phrase almost the world and this should be used to maintain brand loyalty.The use of red bull has raised some controversy over the years. This is due to the caffeine content that is in the drink. Some countries have certain restrictions on the amount of

Managing for future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing for future - assay ExampleGeelys is the chosen brand. And the paper will try to find out the best attainable ways to succeed in the future global market for the Chinese automaker Geelys. Introduction afterlife is the unseen picture for moist of the companies. However managing the future with great strategies is the main ambition for most of the companies. In this case the futuristic marketing strategy and business plans argon the primary objective of the Geelys to realise in the future market. The futuristic marketing and business plan is a weapon for the future argument which is the combination of many factors like price, product, place, promotion, advertising , financial policies and planning, radical product development, innovation etc. In this paper the chosen MNC is the Zhejiang Geely Holding Group which effs as Geelys. ... P, Nd). In the form of 2005 Geely machinemobile holding hold in got listed in the Hong Kong Stock exchange. It is one of the fastest growi ng car manufacturers in China. The production capacity of Geely ordure manufacture 400,000 cars annually (Alon, Fetscherin et al 2011. P, Nd). The young company had a revenue of RMB 1.18 billion in the year of 2009 (Alon, Fetscherin et al 2011. P, Nd). Geelys first ever overseas investment was in 2009, when it bought 23 percent portion out of Manganese Bronze Holdings, the car makers of the Londons black taxis (Alon, Fetscherin et al 2011. P, Nd). In 2009 the young Auto makers acquired Drivetrain System International (DSI) for about AUD $ 54.6 million (Alon, Fetscherin et al 2011. P, Nd). The most prestigious overseas deal for Geely came to earth in 2010 when it taken over Swedish luxury brand Volvo from Ford and it is more amazing to know that Volvos revenue was almost ten times than that of the Geely (Tan. 2011 P, 153). In the present it has got the global presence. It has shown its strong institution in the countries like SWOT analysis Before the starting of any business act ivities in the new country or in a brand new market for the future or to nurse the company in the future market the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis is very important to understand the authorisation of the market. The SWOT analysis is having two factors, one is the internal factors and another one is the external factors. The internal factors are totally dependent on the company itself and the external factor comes from the market. Geelys must do this analysis for the successful business globally. Different countries have different market factors. But, the market opportunity as hale as

American Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Marriage - Essay ExampleAmerican families are just changing as the society around them changes. Initially, marriage was believed to be challenging commitments for both the man and the woman. The man had to work intemperate in providing for his family, as the woman remained behind to care for both residence and the kids. How ever so, due to apparent worldwide economic crisis that has filtered into American marriage, women no long-run remain at home due to the economic demands for their families. Women excessively strive to provide for their families by going to work just as their husbands. Children too are taken to baby care centers at tender age to keep them busy and a bureau from their parents who are ever busy to make end meet especially during the day. Indeed, this can be seen as an adjustment to the changes in the innovational society. It has been argued that marriages are experiencing stress in regard to companionableization and communication between spouses and the children as rise up (Popenoe and Whitehead 146-148). However, there is an emerging divergence from traditional face-to-face communication to technologically supported brotherly platforms. Most couples maintain distant relationship where, for instance, a man works in one province and the wife works in another state. The presence of various communication methods such as the social media and mobile phones has, however, improved communication between the two. Therefore, this shift in socialization is just a way of family adaptation and not as a result of stressed marriages (Schwartz and Scott 156-159). Although financial soundness was not wanted in the past, it greatly influences marriage in the current society. For instance, the economic status of an individual would greatly match the quality of the relationship. Financially stable individuals are likely to succeed in a marriage relationship. Arguably, tally to Popenoe and Whitehead (146-148), families need to make extra coin s today than earlier days. Although this can be viewed as a marriage stressor, it can be argued that input of both partners towards the economic prowess is actually an adaptation to the modern challenges. Therefore, marriages are much more likely to survive the test of the financial stressor. Marriage is no longer based on community but solely depend on individuality. However, the modern society has for certain set high standards especially in social, economic, and educational aspects. This causes American families to go an extra mile in meeting these apparent standards. Whereas this could be seen as an overwhelming challenge to the family, societal standards also act as a motivation towards a better family. Therefore, American marriages, in their endeavor to meet these standards, will eff out stronger than weak (Graham 9-10). Another important particularor affecting modern marriages is the issue of religion. Whereas traditional marriages were mostly based on traditional religio n, modernity has changed the religious aspect of marriage (Schwartz and Scott 156-159 Graham 8-11). With the uprising of some religious denominations, families experience apparent conflict of religious belief in regard to marriage and family values. However, the fact that modern religion appreciates and upholds the role of the marriage institution is actually a bonus to American marriages. Teachings and trainings on marriages boosts marriages hence making them last longer. Therefore, despite the conflicts acting as a stressing

Protecting Young Children's Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Protecting Young Childrens Welfare - bear witness ExampleAlthough there is no indication that she has any health problem (in other words, nothing is revealed almost her health status). Sarah will have the problem enjoying her studies based on her inability to sustain her interest in a person (her obtain or friends) for a longer period of time (Weis 221). And Sarahs mother seems to be clueless about how to successfully handle the situation. Though this does not necessarily mean that the peasant is in dire need of protection outside her home, periodical visits of social workers could help her mother come across what her missy needs (Rowe 25). Sarahs mother is also have been affected by her sudden kerfuffle from her husband, which may have weighed heavily on her psychological power to control her emotion and help her daughter overcome her own psychological stress. Theoretically, the absence of her father may be partly responsible for Sarahs unfriendly disposition to people, frien ds or relatives she doesnt like (Emery 163).My first actions as a practitioner As an early childhood practitioner, it would amount to mere speculations if I should make my decision without first of all bear the assessment of Sarahs behavior. Therefore, the first step is to closely and carefully monitor Sarah for revelations of any strange politeness or symptoms that could show that she may have been suffering from psychological/mental, social and physical abuse by her depressed mother (Carr 202). With reference to National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children NSPCC, a multi-professional approach is unavoidable to offer believable consultation and assessment of any child in need. This modality will say well-rounded assessment using professionals from the educational, social and health fields to monitor Sarah and document their findings to help social occasion out the best strategy required to solve the girls problems (NSPCC 3-25).

International economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International economics - Essay moralHowever, the entire radiation pattern of import and export has been subjected to multiple make do policies and regulations to maintain international harmony and ensnare a control over international trade practices. Over time and under specific conditions, the structuring of the trade practices has also evolved (Davis, 1995).Considering all these aspects, this discussion focuses on analysing the type of commodities trade and exported by Singapore surrounded by the power points of 2010 to 2013 to bring forth their alignment with the established international trade practices. The discussion emphasizes multiple crucial facts regarding the international trade practice carried out by Singapore in developing a better competitive advantage. In appendix to all these, commodious amount of focus will also be laid on the tariff plans that are being imposed on the goods being imported in Singapore. Supportive facts such as worth of Singapore coin i nternationally will also be provided in the discussion.A considerable amount of focus needs to be provided on the fact that majority of the goods that are being imported in Singapore are tax-free excluding some of the liquor based commodities. Moreover, by analysing the trading figures between the periods of 2010 to 2013, it can be identified that the trading pattern appears to have dropped to a certain extent during the period of 2013. The graph projected below will help to understand this difference in an appropriate manner.The preceding(prenominal) mentioned two graphs clearly stated about the import and the export patterns of Singapore at the present currency rate i.e. Singapore $1 $0.80 USD. Respectively, it can be stated that the export rate within the cardinal fiscal years have promote, which has apparently brought in huge loads of foreign exchange in comparison to that of the imported rates regardless of the fact that the import rates have also elevated much. However, if the evaluation is conducted depending on the types of import and

Scotland the Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Scotland the Brand - audition Examplethey use to send grocerying messages to their consumers, the relationship they have with their top clients and best customers for tourist activities, the genius of the message itself and finally they need an sagaciousness of the merchandising mix for tourism. To get a better understanding of these aspects, it would be useful to examine them individually and in detail.While the message itself can be separate and segmented as per the inevitably of the market, the channels with which the message is sent to international consumers of tourism must eternally be integrated with each other. It has often been noted that trade is intricate field and when ideas from one market are exported to another the chances of successful market capture vary considerably (Brown, 1995). Integrated trade parley is a set of parameters, tools and techniques which increase the chance of a marketing campaign macrocosm successful across several different markets. H owever, it must be applied carefully and with a thorough analysis of the factors involved.Since Scotland needs to establish itself as a brand for tourism in international terms, any international marketing campaign will need to consider several marketing related issues which can come when marketing is broadened towards the global arena (Schultz, 1996). Scotland has to be sold as a global brand with established worldly concern relations, and confirm the acceptance of the tourism laws followed in Scotland. In recent times, Scotland as a brand must also confirm itself as a good ethical tourism destination (Adams, 2004). This idea of being an ethical destination comes from many directions but the most important one is the image of the country as a socially responsible country which can be successfully channelled through integrated marketing communications in an international marketing campaign.Additionally, the marketing message might need to handle the essential barrier of language. Although English has become the lingua franca

Agricultural Wastes as Growing Medium for Pomelo Citrus Grandis Essay Example for Free

Agricultural Wastes as Growing Medium for Pomelo Citrus Grandis EssayThe information was conducted to evaluate the use of countrified wastes as useful increase media for pomelo (citrus grandis) as compared to fertile soil. This agricultural research aims to determine the higher-value uses of agricultural wastes such as animal manure, rice hulls and bran by using it as media for growth of pomelo. The scope included only the utilization native duck manure, fresh-cut rice ban, fresh rice hulls and parboiled rice hulls.The process involves the preparation of pomelo seedlings, preparation of growing media, trans constituteing method, sustaining growth and observe growth of pomelo seedlings in terms of height of the plant and the number of leaves. The pomelo seedlings were observed to become during the experimentation period. However, the growth varied from one medium to another. To compare the growth rate of pomelo seedlings in agricultural wastes and soil, the t-test was used. It is determined by the mean sample of growth of pomelo plant in the growing to media as labeled T1 to T3 as compared to a standard mean sample, that of the soil, T4. The computed value of t at pgt. 05 is 1. 23 and 2. 47 less than the critical value 2. 920. This result revealed that at that place is no significant difference surrounded by soil and animal manure-parboiled rice hulls as growing media of pomelo plant.While the greater tcomputed value of T1 and T2 divulged that there is a significant difference between the growth rate of pomelo in the soil and in fresh rice bran (T1) and hulls (T2). This proves that agricultural wastes can be used as growing media for pomelo seedlings. This besides affirms that agricultural wastes can help plant breeders to lessen expenses in terms of growing media necessary for plant growth.

Strategies for counter terrorism in United States Essay Example for Free

Strategies for counter act of act of terrorism in touch based States EssayStrategies for counter-terrorism in United StatesIntroduction phratry 9/11 is a day that many people entrust neer forget. Its a day thats the worlds counterinsurgency was on the line. The attack on the worlds trade center proved that terrorism is a real threat in the world. That day I watched TV in shock watching people crying and wailing in pain. Many souls perished in the attack and differents were maimed seriously. envision-terrorism is an action interpreted to prevent the activities of political groups who utilization ferocity to try to achieve their aims. To come up with an effective counter-terrorist dodge, state political sympathies need the aim terrorists reside and goal in their state and what they aim to achieve in their mission. This analysis entails how terrorism occurs and the strategies that the States has taken to counter it and challenges of each strategy. The word terroris m originates from the word terrero which is in Latin, meaning fear. Usually terrorists ar taken as pose Eastern men who be motivated by their imprints to harm innocent people. unfortunately this vice is diverse, found ein truthwhere in the world and used for any imaginable goal. Mostly terrorists ar religiously or politically motivated. There are those homegrown and international. For the homegrown they organize and do it in their country (Cindy C Combs, 2003). The word terrorism brings fear into many people while others misunderstand it. Terrorists are usually ideologically motivated whereby they use violence to struggleds civilians so as to create fear and scourge hoping to change policies or virtues in a given country. There various practices used by terrorists to mobilise their activities. One way terrorists is to create civil disorder. This can vary from legal protestation to illegal deterrence to the government. Various countries cond nonpareil different dissent leve ls whereas in other pacifistic assembly this is taken as terrorism. For sure destructive terrorism forms are religious, political, and quasi political. The political terrorist performs the terrorism hopping to change policies, normally in reference to profession, color or creed. The quasi political terrorism is one whereby terrorists tactics are used for personal gain. Finally religious terrorism looks at proliferating a persons belief in the expense of others (Cindy C Combs, 2003). A firm stand should be taken against terrorism since it is very cruel and unjust. Terrorism goes in and around diplomatic process with a purpose of disrupting safety and tranquillity so as to achieve a goal. For many terrorists, a mission successful is considered when thousands of helpless, children and women lie as corpses in the streets. What many terrorist do is to set as small break maybe in a building which results in killing say, forty people and later detonate a puffyr bomb when crowd of peopl e, policemen and medics gather to witness the outcome. Terrorists attacks involve taken place like deoxycytidine monophosphate times in the States and the exact figures are not clear since distinction between political violence and the home(prenominal)ated one is blurred. From the year 1999, on that point build been over cubic decimetre terror attacks which are separate, on domestic soil. According to the FBIs NCTC records, there were over eleven thousand five hundred terror acts in the entire world by the year 2011. These attacks occurred in seventy two countries and led to approximately fifty thousand casualties of which thirteen thousand two hundred of the fifty thousand casualties suffered extreme trauma. Each American government agency concerned with counterterrorism, has a purpose in the war against terror. The mission of Federal business office of Investigation is to counteract terrorist cells and operatives in United States and to aid in dismantling terrorists net ex cogitates globally. In United States, legion(predicate) agencies including State Department, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation and Central Intelligence Agency are mandated to counter terrorism. The main objective of the National Counter-terrorism Center is to orchestrate and integrate the formidable abilities of the American government devoted to defeating the threat of international terrorism and reducing the terror to Unites States interests at home and overseas (Jim S., 2001). Counter terrorism strategy was paramount in the US national security even in the lead the September 9/11 attacks. This is depicted whereby from the year 1958 to the year 1999, over forty legal acts dealing with war reinforcement against terrorism in a ranging degree were adopted. This acts brought about empowering of the state authority and also the agencies of law enforcement to detect and also repress the terrorism act in United States and overseas. Most of the states use varied goals and sub-goals that dictate their counterterrorism policies. These vary depending on the states economic and political situation. Some of these goals include preventing the attack, acquire rid of terrorists and motivation and minimizing casualties and damages should the terrorist attack occur (Michael B. Kraft, Edward M., 2012). Over the decade, United States has had high level of social function in counter-terrorism actions. The time of struggle during which it fought against terrorism can be divided into two phases this is after and before the occurrence of the eleventh Sep, 2001. figure one of counterterrorism is in relation to 1980s to 1990s. In this phase there were clear distinguished tendencies such as use of military forces and new technologies. They used of military forces to oppose international terrorist especially bombing their bases and their agencies. One of these operations was held during autumn-inter the year 2001 in Afghanistan. According to scru b G.W, they conjugate hands with the afghan people to overthrow the Taliban regime the defenders of the al-Qaida network- and turn outed a new pop government to rise in its place. In the field of information technology, there has been a defense by the United States the data system and the supervisory control that are applied in the oil and squander industries, pharmaceutical. In the water supply system, and in chemicals are very vulnerable since the implementation of the information technology. The attack of computers by viruses will have to play a vital role in military. Moreover, united States formulate a major role in helping train new agents for counterterrorism in other countries. Phase two started since autumn the year 2001. Thousands of people from eighty eight countries died as a result of 11th September attack. This attack led to the realization of the vulnerability of any country in the hands of terrorist. These have led to expansion of anti-terrorism cooperation in m any countries. According to Paul Pillar, CRI agent who is working on Middle East countries and south Asia, the campaign against terrorism must be as diverse as terrorism itself. He gave the difference among the following various counterterrorism measures (1) The diplomacy which recognizes no borders among states, (2) the combination of many measures that complement one another, (3) blocking financial sustenance to terrorists groups or even their sponsoring states. They would also try to track their cash flows though very difficult, (4) use of a considerably weak military force. Terroristic bases are normally not large targets and therefore easy to destroy unlike the military bases which presents a large stationary, (5) intelligence activity is the closely crucial tool to deal with terrorism. The challenge with this tool is that most of the terrorists data is fragmented, pregnant with meanings and usually super questionable, (6) they would also combine different measures which com plement each other. One of the Americas main strategies of combating terrorism is diplomatic actions and economic sanctions against countries that tend to back-up terrorism activities. The best example of this is the United Nations mandating and leading international sanctions against westward African countryLibya due to the role it played in backing up terrorists who were involved in the bombing of Pan Am 103 in the year 1988.this was the first action that the entire world union took against terrorism. The United States sternly led this action with nations now being aware that US would discipline nations that support terrorism (Spindlove, C. E., 2007).. The second strategy which included objectives and policies such strengthening coalitions to beat global terrorism was initiated in the year 2002.the main objective of this strategy is to compel other nations government to indentify and destroy terrorist organizations. For instance, when President George Bush was planning war on Ir aq, he encouraged Americans to use the full influence they have and work hand in hand with allies and friends to ensure that all actions of terrorists are illegal so that terrorism is perceived as unacceptable behavior that no reputable government can support. This strategy depicts America as using a insurance policy of global coercion but at the time of this strategy, America was waging a war on Iraq. One of the main challenges of this strategy is that it used weapons of mass destructions and the fear of terrorism to help gain back-up for the war using a policy of your nation is either with us or against us. (Spindlove, C. E., 2007). The former U.S.A president said that the United States can no longer rely on deterrence to keep the terrorists at bay or defensive measure to thwart them at the last moment. The budge must be taken to the enemy, to keep them on the run. In order to be, America need the support and concert action of friends and allies (Bush G.W., 2010, p.8). Conquere d with the president, in this task of eradication, deterrence is a mere tactic..to succeed in the long run, however ,the united state must address root causes or a next generation of terrorists will emerge. They promised to make better the performance of making of decision, action and also for centralise decisions. They also said that the actions would be decided by those who can understand the political, military and also economic boundaries. They are the central authorities. Broad-front strategy, though seen as unwise and wasteful is what united state should conduct. As they have been dealing with issues of terrorists organizations, such as al Qaeda, the U.S.SA as realized that the head or the heat of the tool is never single. This means that the center of gravity to look at when attacking may not be there. Bush G.W. has outlined the main objects in the plan of fighting terrorism in United States. He said that the fight entails use of military force including other national powe r instruments to kill or catch the terrorists, refuse to give them safe haven, or power over any nation. Block them from get access to WMD, and obstruct their means of support. This plan is also targeted on continuation of political reforms to guard peaceful Muslims in the whole world in their faith. He also said that responsible Islamic leadership should dissociate from an ideology that alters and exploits the Islam for ends that are destructive and rapes a proud religion. (Bush G.W., 2010, p.23). The main counterterrorism plans are based on pre-emption, prevention, consequence management and defense. America is pursuing preemptive and proactive strategies to combat terrorism. The American security strategy is that of protection of its citizens and assets as it sees deterring and defeating terrorists as the ground for this defense. One of the main challenges of these policies is that they have internal conflict inwardly themselves. On one hand, they seek to promote salve and op en societies globally while on the other hand, they seek to fight tyranny and terrorists. These strategies contradict each other as America is seen as promoting free and open societies while it benefits itself. US usually attach much importance to getting from friendly countries rights to use their territory and tools for the USA armed forces, together with making the improved operating basis in sober and regions that are unstable. Today American troops are all over in one hundred and thirty countries of the world, in regards to Heritage Foundation. Most of these troops are majored in Arabic countries, together with Iraq base, Qatar, capital of Kuwait and also in UAE (Spindlove, C. E., 2007). In conclusion terrorism is a danger to worlds peace and stability. No groups of people should kill innocent people in the name of religion politics or ethnicity. Instead people from all religions, political or ethnic background should co-exist together and embrace peace. regrettably the terror ists consider a mission successful when hundreds of innocent souls lie in pools of blood. World leaders should unite their people and encourage them to shun away from terrorism and other related violence. The Americas counterterrorist policy is based on prevention deterrence, pre-emption and limiting consequences if the act cannot be prevented. It also uses coercion as a strategy to help to strengthen coalitions for its strategies. America feels that exclusive of strong alliances and support from its friends and allies, terrorism will continue to grow and at one point, be a danger to its people and assets.ReferencesBush, George W. (2010).Decision Points. cap Publishers. pp.399400. Palestinian extremists, many affiliated with the terrorist group Hamas, launched a wave of terrorist attacks against innocent civilians in IsraelMy views on Israel and Hamas came into sharper charge after 9/11.Cindy C Combs (2003), Terrorism in the Twenty First Century, (3rd Edition, New jersey Pearsons Educ. Inc.)Jim Saxton. (2001). Patterns of world(prenominal) Terrorism and Threats to the U.SHearing before the Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism. Washington D.C Diane Publishing Co.Michael B. Kraft, Edward Marks.(2012) . U.S giving medication Counterterrorism A Guide to Who Does What. New YorkCRC press.Paul R. Pillar.(2003). Terrorism and U.S Foreign Policy Washington, D.C R.R. Donnelley and Sons Harrisonburg, VirginiaSpindlove, C. E. (2007). Terrorism Today. The Past, The Players, The Future. New Jersey Pearson Education Inc.Source document

Supporting Case, African American Essay Example for Free

Supporting Case, African American Essay relic 1Student responses testament vary. Write a memo to all staff in the department asking staff to convey in and introduce themselves . souvenir 2 Write this information in note to self. Recently conscription Software has lost two key personnel, Michael Grant and Janice Ramos from health and hospitals, and finance and banking. How soon will the geological formation replace Janice Ramos? And with an internal or external hire? dot 3 memorandum to Paula Sprague thanking her for this information. It will be valued and unploughed confidential. This is important for me to have the insight and background of each of these managers to better understand their needs and what can be done to improve upon a team effort. Item 5C copy No response. Item 6Voice office or e-mail to Harry Withers regarding this issue as soon as possible. Item 7 shriek Jim Bishop regarding this issue. Set up meeting if needed. Get additional information from Jose Ma rtinez. Item 8 Voice mail to Armand to circuit up appointment as soon as possible regarding this issue.Get copies of complaints if possible how many. Item 9 Voice mail to Pat to set up lunch date. Item 10 Memo to Bob Miller to discuss this issue. Need more information as to what was said in the joke. Item 11 Phone call to Lorraine Adams from Westside Hospital regarding conversion of existing software. check to self Michael has offered to do this work (Universal Business Solutions, Inc. ) Memo to Paula Sprague, Soto and Woo on C. A. R. E project.Need them and Wilson, if able for project or someone equally qualified FOR Westside Hospital. Item 12 Voice mail to Roosevelt Moore to set up an appointment to talk about this issue. Note to self Get information on work character and go off before meeting with Roosevelt. Item 13 E-mail or voice mail to set up meeting with Jose Martinez. Get his side of issue then talk with Jim Bishop. Item 14Note to self John Small recommending Mala Abend ano for the position vacated by Janice Ramos. John is involved with Mala.Check work place down on Mala. Ask for Paulas opinion on the matter if Mala applies for position. Item 15E-mail to Roger regarding meeting. Note to self retrospect memo of October 15, from Paula Sprague on the management team personnel to propose a group to go to Kenya. Item 16E-mail to Sharon Shapiro thanking her for the information. Note to self Sharon will keep me updated on the sexual joke issue. May need to review sexual harassment issue with staff. Item 17No response. Keep for information only.

Honesty - the Best Policy Essay Example for Free

Honesty the Best Policy EssayHonesty is the human quality of communicating and playing truthful and with impartiality, as best one is able. It is denoted to truth as a value. This includes listening, reasoning and some(prenominal) action in the human repertoire as well as speaking. Superficially, ingenuousness means simply, stating facts and views as best one truly believes them to be. It includes both honesty to another(prenominal)s, and to oneself (see self-deception) and intimately ones avow motives and inner reality.Western views on honestySince the quality of honesty applies to all carriages, one cannot refuse to consider factual information, for example, in an innocent manner and still claim that ones knowledge, belief or position is an attempt to be truthful. Such a belief is clearly a product of ones desires and simply has nothing to do with the human ability to know. Basing ones positions on what one wants rather than unbiased evidence gathering is dishone st even when just intentions can be cited after all even Hitler could cite good intentions and intended glory for a select base of people.Clearly then, an unbiased approach to the truth is a requirement of honesty. Because intentions are closely related to fairness and certainly affect the degree of honesty/dishonesty, there is a wide spread confusion approximately honestyand a general belief that world dishonest means that one alwayscorrectly downstairsstands if their behavior is either honest or dishonest. Self-perception of our honorableity is non-static and volatile. Its often at the moment we refuse to consider other perspectives that there is a clear indication we are not pursuing the truth, rather than simply and simply at the moment we can muster up evidence that we are right.Socrates had much to say about truth, honesty and morality, and explained that if people really understood that their behavior was wrong then they simply wouldnt do it by definition. Unfortuna tely, honesty in the western tradition has been marginalized to specific instances perhaps because a thorough understanding of honesty collides with ideologies of all types. Ideologies and idealism often exaggerate and suppress evidence in order to support their perspectives at the expense of the truth.This process erodes the ractice and understanding of honesty. To an ideologist the truth quite often becomes insignificant, what matters most are their ideals and what ever so supports their desires to enjoy and spread those ideals. Human beings are inherently biased about what they believe to be good due to individual tastes backgrounds, that once one understands that a decidedly biased approach to what is authoritative is inherently dishonest, one can also understand how idealism and ideology have poorly served the ask for an honest, moral society.Both honesty and morality require that we base our opinions about what is good upon unbiased ideas of what is dead on target r ather than vice versa (determining what is true ground on what we feel is good) the way all ideologies would have us believe. The studies of Confucius about honesty Confucius recognized several aims of honesty, fundamental to his ethics His shallowest concept of honesty was implied in his arbitrariness of Li all actions committed by a person to build the ideal society aiming at meeting their surface desires of a person either immediately (bad) or longer term (good).To know that one sought immediate gratification could however make a bad act better, and to disguise ones long term goals could cloud a good act. A key principle was that a man must strive to convey his feelings honestly on his face, so that these could help each other line up for long term gain for all. So there was a visible relation between cartridge holder horizon, etiquette and ones image of oneself even in the mirror. This generates self-honesty and keeps such activities as business calm, unsurprising, and aboveboard.In this conception, one is honest because it suits ones own self-interest only. Deeper than Li was Yi or righteousness. Rather than pursuing your own interests you should do what is right and moral based on reciprocity. Here too time is central, but as a time span since your parents washed-out your first three years raising you, you spent three mourning them after they die. At this level one is honest about ones obligations and duty. Even with no one else to keep you honest or to relate to directly, a deeply honest person ould relate to ancestors as if they were alive and would not act in ways that would make them ashamed. This was part of the moral code that included ancestor worship, but Confucius had made it rigorous. The deepest level of honesty was Ren, out of which flowed Yi and thus Li. Confucius morality was based upon empathy and understanding others, which required understanding ones own moral core first, rather than on divinely ordained rules, which could si mply be obeyed.The Confucian version of the prospering Rule was to treat your inferiors as you would want your superiors to treat you. Virtue under Confucius is based upon harmony with others and a recognition of the honest reality that eventually (say in old age) one will come under the power of others (say ones children). So this level of honesty is to actually put oneself in context of ones whole vivification and future generations and choose to do or say nothing that would not reflect ones familys honour and repute for honesty and acceptance of truth, such as eventual death.Partially because of incomplete understanding of these deeper notions of honesty among Westerners, in Asiatic countries it is common to refer to those who do not have them as barbarians. While sometimes Asian cultures sanction an almost intolerable degree of delay and ambiguity for Western tastes, it is very often to turn away lying, or giving a positive impression where doubt exists. These would be thou ght dishonest by Asians. Thus pressing for a decision on a matter where it is not yet feasible to give an honest commitment or answer is seen as extremely rude in effect, forcing soul to choose to be either rude or dishonest.Both being unthinkable in traditional culture, one thus delays. A Buddhist teaching on honesty Thanissaro Bhikkhu taught Real honesty is being honest about what your possibilities are, what your potentials are. Thats where true honesty lies. It stretches us. Its not simply admitting where we are thats a beginning step, its not the end step. So be honest about where you are but also be honest about what your possibilities are. That keeps the challenge of the path always before us.

Plagiarism literary Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism literary try onPost your response to the following Axia College takes academic h singlesty seriously. Think for a moment about an root whose original work has been plagiarized by a student. Why would that author consider plagiarism to be such a grave offense? Plagiarism is a literary theft that is commonly do by some students. A scenario in which an author who had spent everything he has on a literary project gets to know that people are just copying his works that he suffered to put it together without proper acknowledgment, he will be so much offended. he will count this as act of disrespect and that his idea are not been valued so he might heady not to write such write up again which will be to the disadvantage of the holy public and the said author. Post your response to the following What are other ways in which you shadower make use of the wealth of Web-based information and still guard against plagiarism?These involves many method that one can gain from t he web without committing plagiarism offence, this include ensuring that the original word of the author are not used, when doing any work, it should be followed by jottings and one should avoid making reference from the authors statement, but after the commodious reading and understanding then one can now sit with it and pen down in ones idea. We should avoid summarizing and paraphrasing because they are forms of plagiarism

Programming Solution Proposal Essay Example for Free

designming Solution proposition EssayComputer architectural plans mountain help us solve everyday issues that might seem impossible. home work outing is an issue that burdens many Americans. Every individual is ultimately responsible for managing his or her finances. Developing a ready reckoner program that can help individuals manage their budget get out greatly improve their life quality. The program would have to follow the program ontogeny cycle model and use the modular approach. Identifying Budget Issues The biggest gainsay that many American families ar facing after the 2008 recession is managing a periodical budget adequately. The circumstance is that many families increased their debt by borrowing more than their allocated budget. Americans need to learn to live base on how much they earn. Our starting time reaction, when in debt, would be to make up excuses as to why we are in that situation. Some of us will even try to blame relatives or credit card compan ies when go about with excessive debt. It is families, who do not budget properly, that end up losing their homes and vehicles to banks or lenders (msn, 2009). Who is Responsible? The labor movement of managing your budget according to your earnings is a decision and responsibility that is ultimately yours.The first step to take when budgeting is to bed your debt problem and stop finding justifications for it. The problem can be excessively stressful and it is recommended to seek assistant through friends, family, or even better from an organization that guides people through debt reduction. A non-profit organization, such as the National Foundation for Credit Counseling, will probably be the best option. To start getting a handle of the problem, one must establish a number of how much is owed (msn, 2009). Developing a Program Technology, at present day, is an important tool that can be utilize to our advantage to solve or so any issue.Many families that might be facing budget ing and even foreclosure issues might not be cognizant that such tools exist. The process of creating a computer program that will help us budget our monthly income can greatly improve our quality of life. Such program must follow the program development cycle and contain the three main components of a computer program input, process, and output (Venit Drake, 2009). Program increment Cycle The first step of the program development cycle is to analyze the problem. We need to fully agnise the problem that needs to be solved. We also need to analyze which teaching is available to us.The initial information available to us is our monthly net pay, and our monthly economic obligations. We also need to establish our desired output, establishing a budget, and determine how our known information will help us achieve those results. At this contingent we might also become aware of information that is not included but is necessary in order to identify the problem properly. Such informatio n may include unexpected expenses, depositing money into a savings account, etc. (Venit Drake, 2009). The next step of the cycle is excogitation a program to solve the problem.The designing step of the program development cycle will take a flowchart that will draught how the actual program is executed based on the known variables. The flowchart will include a starting point, inputs, assignments, If conditions, loops, outputs, and an ending point. The evaluation of each step of the program development cycle might yield additional subtasks that might need to be added to the original flowchart. This step also involves penning an algorithm in pseudocodes which will instruct the program on what to do. The last two steps of the cycle involve writing the pseudocode statements in program code.The program code will depend on which computer language is chosen. in the long run the program needs to be executed to determine if it runs properly. A re-evaluation of the program might be take if the program does not execute properly (Venit Drake, 2009). The goal of the program is to aid the average household to adequately manage a budget. Modular Approach The modular approach that will be taken to raise this budgeting program will ensure the creation of the proper program to solve the issue. The approach will first consider the major tasks that need to be accomplished.A module will be created for each task in the program. The tasks can later be broken down into sub-tasks as deemed necessary by the programmer. These sub-tasks will then be assigned sub-modules. The amount of sub-tasks is determined by the complexity of the problem and how many are needed to solve the problem. The purpose of breaking down tasks is to make the program much easier and simpler. The model that is used to break down tasks is called the top-down design (Venit Drake, 2009). Conclusion Developing a computer program that can help individuals manage their budget will greatly improve their life qu ality.

Global Strategy of Sony Ericsson Essay Example for Free

Global strategy of Sony Ericsson EssayIn 2001, Sony Ericsson is established by the Japanese company Sony (a consumer electronics corporation) as a fifty-fifty pin venture with the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson (a mobile communications infrastructure and systems business) which offers mobile phones, accessories and applications. Before the merger, its provides expertise in mobile communication, after the merger, its provide both the consumer electronics and content expertise. In 2011, Sony Ericsson changes their global strategy by commission more on high end smartphones. At the same times, Sony Ericsson will focus on their differentiate markets, which is including the U. S., Russia, China and Germany.The transaction gives Sony focus on high end smartphones product includes their accessories and application that will blend to profitability and the growth of its business. However, the company facing new challenges in this dynamic changing environment, aggressive emulation will affect the global market share of the company and it revenue. In 2012, Sony Ericsson becomes an end when Sonys announcement that it will acquired 50 percent stake in Sony Ericsson, changed its name to Sony Mobile Communications AB (SMEC) allow Sony Ericsson becomes an affiliated company of Sony Corporation (Sony).Sony is a multinational corporation, one of the most leading brand and its functions as designing, manufacturing, marketing mobiles phones and its accessories. With the announcement of acquisition, it will be a brand new start for Sony Ericsson to embark inside the Sony family, expanded their marketing activities. Sony Ericsson use outsourcing for the customer interaction centre is another global strategy. This customer interaction centre is established to solve and meet all customer requirements and their problems, and at the same time cut down their cost for expansion.

Bismarcks appointment of Minister President of Prussia Essay Example for Free

von Bismarcks identification of Minister President of Prussia experimentBismarcks appointment of Minister President of Prussia (1862) was the just about chief(prenominal) turning point in the course of Ger homophile nationalism in the period 1815-1919?By 1919 Ger spelly had been amalgamated, and the nature of nationalism had multifariousnessd from a freedom seeking, democratic pull in into one which demanded popular subservience to the state. German nationalism had understandably changed radic solelyy everyplace the period of much than one hundred age and defining the turning point at which it changed is thorny due to the spotless number of factors that impacted upon it as well as the vast number of events and organisations which interfered with its development. Otto von Bismarck would become viewed in later years as the father of German nationalism. When he came to power 1862 the Kaiser was looking for a man who could oppose the cock-a-hoops and ram through a favo urable army bill. However, within just nine years Germ any(prenominal) would have become united, non without the help, though not always pull up stakesing, from Bismarck. Bismarck effected the unification of Ger some nearly single-handedly. However, many an(prenominal) of the opportunities which Bismarck actually attempted to manipulate were neither created by him nor very successful. Bismarck did not always manage nationalism as effectively as it is suggested. The Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 forced to unite with the southern states in Germany when in reality it would have been un liable(predicate) that he desired this.Prussia was still attempting to breastfeed the north German states and to add the southern states, especially with their un-Prussian culture, risked diluting Prussias culture too faraway. It is clear that in 1890 Bismarck was managed by nationalism beca call he was forced to resign due to the outpouring of nationalist feeling that resented him attempting to nab Germany in check. He represented the old Germany, a Prussian dominated one and in an travail to find a German chancellor he was removed from office.Even the Dual Alliance in 1879 demonstrated how German nationalism forced him to take actions against his will. With his Prussian upbringing his loyalties more likely amaze with Russian rather than Austria and the decline of Austria was increasingly clear for all too see, to join the young, powerful Germany with this crumbling pudding stone would do nothing to help the country yet nationalistic feeling in Germany forced the Alliance. Bismarcks appointment in 1882 was an important moment in German nationalism save the theory that one man had such an impact upon the fate of a nation does not stand so well in light of deeper scrutiny.The Congress of Vienna held in 1815 helped create an environment which would help the growth of German nationalism. Prussias gains in the west of Germany were actually intended by the assort to be a b urden. They had given the smallest of the Great Powers the most difficult job as acting as a barricade against France. However, this would bearfire on the Allies when it would later become Germanys massive industrial growth. It also affected the nature of Prussia, whereas she had previously been a preponderantly Eastern European power she now had a pan-German outlook, though it appe bed to begin with that she had little in super C with her western population.The distance in the midst of the two main blocks of land meant that transporting goods between the two would prove difficult and this would spur the creation and development of the Prussian Customs Union in 1818 which would later become the Zollverein in 1834. However, when at the Congress of Vienna the Allies confrontd the question of what is Germany they fell back on diachronic precedent, the Holy Roman pudding stone. This can be seen as a retrospective step because it actually excluded areas of twain Austria and Prussi a, as well as making many of the smaller states much larger. The Congress of Vienna was not a turning point in German nationalism, but without it the nature of Germany could have been very antithetical from that with which we are familiar if it existed at all.The creation of the Zollverein in 1834 was a decisive turning point for German nationalism, formed from the Prussian Customs Union in 1818. Thomas Nipperdy described the creation of the Zollverein as the large(p) event in all-German muniment. Given the basis as a pan-German union it improved the contacts between all of the German states, encouraging them to work together for mutual benefit and broke down barriers between the regions of Germany both officially and culturally. It is often the case that economic unity leads to political as appears to be the case with the EU, erstwhile the European Economic Community (EEC) and the push for a European constitution. However, German political unity was far from inevitable, many Ge rmans now saw political unity as obsolete because they achieved all the benefits of such a union without the risk of losing any of their own unique regional culture.The Zollverein was also critical in teaching a new cadre of diplomats for Prussia and teaching them to administer a German organisation, experience which would be invaluable in the post-unification era. Bismarck once declared in a speech to the North German Reichstag in 1869 that He who has his thumb on the purse has the power and by taking the economic leadership of the German states Prussia rose importantly and a Kleindeutsch solution to the German problem became much more feasible. It also in love a double blow in this respect. It not simply make a Prussian-led Germany more likely but it made an Austrian-led Germany less likely. Because of her exclusion from the customs union the Austrian economy suffered and her already flimsy market became on step closer to failing and this would be one of the major reasons fo r her defeat to Prussia.The use of the economy mirrored the nature of German nationalism initially it was a liberal move, the reduction of interchange barriers embodied by the introduction of the Zollverein. However, by the time unification was achieved economic policy turned its back on liberalism and the economic protectionism Bismarck employed against Russia helped show how far nationalism had changed. The Zollverein would form the template upon which the German Empire would eventually be founded, a kleindeutsch dominated by Prussia.Some historians even go so far to view the whole of the unification of Germany as purely an economic transaction, that it was not driven by political ideology but by the cold logic of money and economic expansionism. The Zollverein did represent an important twist in the history of German nationalism but it did not utterly change the face of the ideology but simply made the prospect more likely. In addition to this, the success of the Zollverein woul d pull up stakes the necessary environment for the rapid expansion of industry within German and this would have a critical impact upon nationalism.1848 can very slow be viewed as the critical turning point in the history of German nationalism. It is often seen as a turning point about which history failed to turn, and it is this very failure which makes it such an important date in the history of German nationalism. 1848 presented revolutionary factions within Germany, and another(prenominal) countries throughout Europe, with a window of opportunity. In Paris the Second Republic is established in a welter of violence in Sicily the Palermo Uprising takes place in Hungary revolution boils over Swedish revolutionaries are gunned down by their government and in Ireland the potato famine sparks the Tipperary Revolt. To the established order it appeared that stability was prisonbreak down and anarchy threatened them. It was in this climate of exceptional change that the German revolu tionary ride failed.The dithering incompetence of the middle classes, coupled with their glaring impotence discredited liberal politics and any idea of a revolution from below. This would prove potentially dangerous for the development of German nationalism. Divorced from its liberal and democratic roots it became a force of the right and of the paternalist government. This resulted in the desire for individual freedoms being sacrificed for the will of state. The government was paranoid about the dangers of the socialist movement within Germany, but they actually shared many common ideals, most markedly the concept of the priority of the state over the individual. It became obvious that power and change could not be achieved without the power of an army to back themselves Bismarck summarised this problem in his most celebrated speech the great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and majority decisions that was the misunderstanding of 1848 but by iron and blood. Given our knowledge of how German nationalism developed into a violent, racist, military force it is clear to see that 1848 was a seminal moment in its development, the pre-1848 liberal, French-styled nationalism became a force of the militant right. 1848 also represented a turning point for German nationalism in a European context. It appeared that countries were naturally progressing from being authoritarian monarchies to becoming nationalistic, liberal democracies. Germanys refusal to follow this trend fundamentally adapted the nature of German nationalism. This turning point about which history failed to turn left something rotten at the core of German nationalism. The change from idealism to brutal pragmatism, combined with the machinations of Bismarck and the authoritarian government meant that the German peoples cause was subverted and used as a weapon against those European powers who had abused Germany for such a recollective time.On the 18th of January 1871 the German Em pire was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. This can easily be seen as a turning point in German nationalism, it finally created what the nationalists had been striving for over the past half century. Though it is true that the majority of what then became Germany existed in the North German bond created 4 years earlier after Prussias victory over Austria it represented a subtle but important shift in the history of German nationalism and the process of reaching the announcement compete a very important role in defining the new Germany. Even the date upon which the Empire was announced held special significance, 270 years earlier the first Elector of Brandenburg was crowned King in Prussia. This all the way symbolically established Prussian hegemony over the newly created German Reich. Even the fact that the proclamation was made at Versailles was more significant than truthful a quick expediency.Were the proclamation were to be made in Berlin, the chief city of t he new Empire, it would have most likely been made in Parliament. For Bismarck this would have been intolerable, in his eyes it was the army and their feudal, warlord leaders who had united the new empire rather than the romantic liberals and their speeches and majority votes. The Reich was declared in the home of imperial power, Versailles was the benchmark against which all other symbols of imperial might were measured and it clearly showed how the ruling elite of the new Germany planned to rule the country. It would be easy to say that it was a simple political humiliation for the French to have their enemies declare their new country in the French capital but to do this would ignore the deeper significance of both the time and place it was made.Nationalism within Germany underwent many changes over the period from 1815 to 1919. It suffered from a gradual change from its ideals over the time and it is difficult to differentiate between the impacts that the different potential tur ning points had on German nationalism. However, the most seminal moment in the history Germany nationalism was when it shifted indelibly from the idealists views to the pragmatic views of the industrialists within the country. 1866 can be seen as the turning point in the unification of Germany rather than a turning point in the nature of German nationalism. The failure of majority rule in 1848 at a time when many other revolutions had succeeded left many Germans with the view that it would only be through violence and warfare blood and iron that their dreams would ever be realised.

History of Cinema Essay Example for Free

History of Cinema EssayFrom the very beginning its existence the flick has created works of artwork worthy to stand comparison with the masterpieces of painting, medical specialty, literature, and theatre. Even more than that, the celluloid is irremovably embedded in the whole account statement of the twentieth century. It has not only shaped but also reflected the reality of the times. The picture gave also form to the aspirations and dreams of people all over the orb. This work will focus on the important historical fhistrions and the conditions surrounding the history of learn-making. However, it is also the case that it is plainly impossible, in a work of this size, to do justice to all the many individuals, technologies and processes that have played noteworthy roles in the history of moving-picture show. The history is not only interesting in its own right it loafer also illuminate with particular limpidity how the cinema works as a whole. This work consists of four primary(prenominal) parts the Early times, the dim Cinema, the Sound Cinema, and the Modern Cinema from 1960 to the modern times. In apiece part the paper looks at history of the cinema in general.As far as possible this paper will cover each ontogenesis from a broad international perspective. The Early Cinema From the beginning the cinema genuine quickly. What in 1890 had been just a dream had by 1913 bragging(a) into a whole industry. First films were just mournful snapshots. They were only one minute in length and nearly all consisted of just one shot. By 1905, the films were usually five to ten minutes in length and included changes of site and camera stance to create a story or show a theme.Later, in the early 1910s, when the first device characteristic-length films appeared, there runty by little emerged unexampled techniques for handling complex stories. At this time the process of creating of films had itself grown into a large-scale business. Specialist offic es had emerged, exceptionally int closing curtained to the making of films. During the 1910s the heart of supply became Los Angeles Hollywood. The early cinema of from the mid- 1890s to the mid-1910s is often called pre-Hollywood cinema. The cinema of this period has also been called pre-classical.Actually the styles of filmmaking common in the early age have never been completely shifted by Hollywood or classical modes, veritable(a) in America. umteen films proceed to be pre- or at any rate non-Hollywood in their style for a yen time. But it is right to say that much of the cinema development in the years from 1906 or 1907 can be considered as laying the ground for what later became the Hollywood industry. Silent Cinema On the foreign to habitual belief, the history of animation did not begin with Walt Disneys sound film Steamboat Willie in 1928.Before that film there was a popular tradition, a film industry, and a vast number of films considering nearly deoxycytidine mon ophosphate of Disneys (Hayward 234). The general history of the animated film begins with the use of transient trick effects in films well-nigh the gambol of the century. As some(prenominal) genres emerged (Westerns, chase films, etc. ). During 1906-10, there appeared at the same time films make all or aboutly by the animation technique. Since most films were a single reel. There was little programmatic difference between the animated films and others. But the multi-reel film trend developed after around 1912. enliven films retained their one-reel-or- slight length. Until the First World War, animation was a completely international phenomenon. However, after about 1915 the producers in the United States began to control the world market. In a quarter of a century, the silent cinema created a tradition of film comedy. The cinema arrived at the end of a century that had witnessed a rich development of popular comedy. Later, the spic-and-span proletarian audiences of the great cit ies of Europe and America found their own theatre in music hall, variety, and musical comedy. With these popular audiences, comedy became constant demand.When life was bad, laughter was a comfort when it was good, they wanted to enjoy themselves just the same. Famous comedy mime troupes of the music halls, like the Martinettis, the Ravels, the Hanlon- Lees, and Fred Karnos Speech slight Comedians, can be seen as direct predecessors of one-reel slapstick films. Karno, in fact, was to train two of the greatest film comedians, Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel (Hayward 56- 58). The boundary documentary did not become popular use until the late 1920s and 1930s. In the beginning it was utilise to various kinds of creative non-fiction screen practice in the post-First World War, classical cinema era.Originating films in the division have typically comprised Robert Flah erty s Nanook of the North ( 1922), various Soviet films of the 1920s such as Dziga Vertovs The humanity with the Movi e Camera (Chelovek s kinoapparatom, 1929), Walter Ruttmanns 11Berlin Symphony of a City (Berlin die Sinfonie der GroBstadt, 1927), and John Griersons Drifters ( 1929) (Cook 89). Early documentarians utilise the magic lantern to create complex and often sophisticated programs out of a succession of projected photographic images.The images were accompanied by a live narration, with an occasional use of music and sound effects. By the turn of the century, films were gradually replacing slides. This in turn gave rise to the new terminology. The documentary tradition preceded film and has continued into the era of television and video. In this way it was redefined in the light of technological innovations, as well as in the context of shifting social and cultural forces. British films of the period were often quite sophisticated, specially in the comic and actuality fields.Narrative editing, too, was often innovative. Sound Cinema The development from silent to sound cinema marks a per iod of revolution in the history of cinema. The revolution 4can be easily date from 6 October 1927, with the New York premiere of Warner Bros. The Jazz Singer in which Al Jolson pronounces the immortal line You aint hear nothin yet with more or less perfect synchronization between his lips in the film and his sound recorded in parallel on a disc (Hjort 90). Filmmakers began to use innovative sound applied science that produced panic in cinema industry.In the same time it encouraged experiments and hopes too. While it decreased popularity of Hollywoods films for several years, it stimulated a rebirth of national film production all over the world. This period in the history of cinema has specific features that make it unique in comparison with the years before and after. The sexual climax of sound itself, and its world-wide implications is the first look. Then the focus is on the world of the studios, how the system operated particularly in Hollywood and how different aspects o f the cinema were combined together during the studio period.The studios were not entirely free to make films simply for the market. The system also encountered problems of how to regulate itself to take account of policy-making, social, and moral concern. While other countries experienced political cast outship of varying degrees of severity, the Hollywood cinema suffered relatively little interference from central government. The Hollywood was quite faced with carefully orchestrated demands for a moral clean-up and the risk of intervention by local censor boards (Neale 78-79).Along with spoken conference, the major innovation of the sound cinema was synchronized music. The art of musical fiction that was used during the silent period was changed by the synchronized music. A considerable difference was, certainly, that filmmakers began to use music as a part of the fictional world. For instance, music could now be introduced when the film showed an orchestra or an actor perfor ming a song. Then, sound film would use music not only to the picture, but to dialogue as well. Music became pure background.Composition, performance, and recording were all subject to studio control, and the production of musical tracks of spirited quality can be counted one of the greatest achievements of the system. Outside Hollywood music tracks were often less polished. But directors were more often free to work with composers of their own choice, and Sergei Prokofievs music for Eisen stein s black lovage Nevsky (1938) provides an interesting contrast to two classic Warner Bros. scores of the same period Erich Korngolds The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) and goo Steiners Casablanca (1943).Modern CinemaThe most significant change in world cinema since 1945 was that produced by the division of the Hollywood studio system and of its competitors and imitators elsewhere. By the early mid-sixties the Hollywood system was in trying disarray. Declining audiences and a series of costly flops left the major studios on the verge of bankruptcy or unbuttoned to hostile take-over. While the studios experienced difficulties, new enterprises such as American International Pictures emerged. These companied make cheap movies that were intended for the new youth and drive-in markets. Many new genres came into being.One of such innovations was the road movie. It prove to be influential not only on more mainstream American films but throughout the world. The mainstream itself was constrained to innovate, drawing inspiration both from the down-market competition and from the new cinemas emerging in Europe. In Europe the most important single event was the sudden explosion on to the scene of the French New tremble the Nouvelle Vague with first features by Claude Chabrol, Francois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, and Alain Resnais following each other in quick succession in 1958 and 1959 (Hjort 123).The New Wave had been briefly preceded in Britain by the Free Cinema move ment, and was followed by the Young German Cinema which announced its existence in the Oberhausen Manifesto of 1962 and went on to renovate the lackluster West German cinema later in the decade. In Italy the change was less sudden but none the less significant, with the creation of Federico Fellinis La dolce vita and Michelangelo Antonionis Lavventura in 1960. It was beginning of a new art cinema. Changes in the 1960s were not confined to Europe.The Cuban Revolution in 1959 gave an impetus to the growth of new cinemas throughout Latin America, notably in Brazil (Cook 45). In Japan the studio system which had nurtured the work of the great know such as Mizoguchi and Ozu was also in crisis, and in the changed situation allowed for the entry on to the world deliver of directors like Nagisa Oshima, who was to play a role in Japanese cinema similar to that of Godard in France. The new cinemas greatly extended the boundaries of film art. They brought new audiences into the cinema, for w hom films assumed an unprecedented cultural importance.Throughout the 1960s and into the seventies the cinema spoke more directly to these mainly young audiences than did any of the more traditional art forms. But outside Italy, France and England the innovate cinema with the new realities was not popular. Because of the limits on the size of the audience, the new cinema had to be low-budget or propped up by subsidy (sometimes both) in order to survive (Guneratne 67). The new period in Hollywood cinema begins from the 1975 release of Steven Spielbergs Jaws.The film signaled the birth of a new, younger extension of Hollywood directors. Born mainly in the 1940s, they both studied the films of classical Hollywood and were influenced by the filmmakers of world cinema. George Lucas and Steven Spielberg made blockbusters with classic principles. One of the most famous filmmaker in the mid-eighties has been Woody Allen. Allen has made famous films, such as Interiors (1978) and Stardust M emories (1980). Conclusion There exists recognition of the fact that from the beginning the cinema has developed in remarkably similar ways all over the world.But it is also recognized that from the end of the First World War onwards, one film industry the American has played a main role in the creation of worlds cinema. However, many nations have created their own, culturally identifiable, genre films that proved extremely popular during the 1970s and 1980s. In India, for instance, a remarkable 250 film-making companies, using more than 60 studios, continued to produce 700 feature films a year throughout the 1980s (Kindem 23). The central government encouraged the making of Indian films by requiring all commercial cinemas to screen at least one Indian film per show.A hero system, much like Hollywoods of the 1930s and 1940s, is strong in all parts of the world. Indeed Indian stars works on several productions at the same time can become enormously wealthy. The nations survived ma inly by learning from Hollywood cinema. At the same time Europe produced a product that corresponded to needs that Hollywood cinema could not supply. Asian countries have been strong producers of film. Hong Kong, a country of only 5 one thousand thousand people, produces more films than Hollywood.In the 1990s Hong Kongs citizens watched Hollywood and native productions in about equal numbers. In the 1980s Hong Kong martial arts films were distributed world-wide in large numbers. With broadcasting systems combined with the rise of satellite-distributed services Hollywood penetrates even these markets. Hollywood produced the most famous icons in the world such as Steven Spielberg and Arnold Schwarzenegger. With its international control, the Hollywood corporations could and will define standards of film style, form, and content.