King Lear - Disruption Of Order In King Lear And The Causes Essay

Shakespeares King Lear is a play which shows the consequences of one mans decisions. The audience follows the main character, Lear, as he makes decisions that disrupt graze in his Kingdom. When Lear surrenders all his big businessman and land to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him, the breakdown on order in evident. Lears first mistake is to divide his Kingdom into triad parts. A Kingdom is run best under one ruler as only one decision is made without contradiction. Another indication that order is disrupted is the separation of Lears family. Lears inability to control his anger causes him to banish his youngest daughter, Cordelia, and loyal servant, Kent. This foolish act causes Lear to become vulnerable to his other two daughters as they press against him. Lastly, the transfer of power from Lear to his eldest and middle daughter, Goneril and Regan, reveals disorder as a result of the division of the Kingdom. A Kingdom without order is a Kingdo m in chaos. When order is disrupted in King Lear, the audience witnesses chaotic events that Lear endures, eventually learning who truly loves him. At the start of the play, Lear decides to divide his Kingdom into three. Give me the social occasion there. Know we have divided In three our Kingdom and tis our fast intent to Shake all cares and business from our age. (I,i,37-39) This is the first indication that order is disrupted. Dividing up a Kingdom politically has many disadvantages that Lear do...

unnatural Exposure Essay -- essays research papers

For part of my independent study I read the book Unnatural Exposure, by Patricia Cornwell. The book is a murder mystery with a man-sized focus on the forensic aspects of the investigation. The main character in the book is Dr. Kay Scarpetta, a medical examiner form Virginia. She is recently divorced and live in an apartment by herself. She could be described as a workaholic since she spends all of her time thinking and working on her cases. She is always the first person to nonplus at the morgue and the last to leave. As the book begins, Dr. Scarpetta is called to a crime scene at a garbage dump in Virginia. When she gets there she in short realizes that it must be a horrific scene because everyone there was almost in shock. She walked up to the taped off area and started understanding why everyone was in so much shock. The soundbox at the crime scene was nothing but a decomposing torso. The persons legs, arms, and head had been cut off. They had found the proboscis when a tract or was spreading the trash around. After examining the entire crime scene, Dr. Scarpetta bought the body back to the morgue to look at it closer. She preformed an autopsy and found out that the body was a woman, older, and had a petite frame. The search for the murderer began. The investigation started with interviews of the people at the dump but that turned up nothing. It almost seemed like this was a dead end case, until DEA...

Jungian Perspectives of Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

village Jungian Perspectives The term consciousness refers to ones consciousness of internal and external stimuli. The unconscious(p) contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well beneath the go forth of awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.(Weiten) In the view of the Jungian analyst, there are two forces that target juncture. One is his anima, which is the personification of the fair(prenominal) nature of a mans unconscious(Platania). The second is critical points desire to reach individuation, which will be discussed later. In reference to the anima, Platania states that we experience the opposite sex as the lost part of our own selves. There is in each man a feminine side hidden beneath his masculinity. The mystery of Shakespeares Hamlet is a phantom of literary debate that has haunted readers throughout the centuries. Hamlet is a plump enigma a puzzle scholars have tried to piece together since his introduction to the literary worl d. Throughout the course of Hamlet, the reader is constantly striving to apologise Hamlets odd behavior, mostly through the plays written text. In doing so, many readers mistakenly draw their conclusions based on the surface content of Hamlets statements and actions. When drawing into question Hamlets actions as well as his reasons for acting, many assume that Hamlet himself is fully aware of his own motives. This assumption in itself produces the very matter in question. Take for example Hamlets hesitation to obliterate the king. Hamlet believes that his desire to kill King Claudius is driven by his fathers demand for revenge. If this were true, Hamlet would kill Claudius the moment he has the chance, if not the moment he knows for sure that Claudius is guilty of murdering his father. Why does Hamlet hesitate? One must call into question what Hamlet holds to be true. If Hamlets given motivation for killing the king is legitimate, then Claudius should wear out at about Act 3. Be cause Hamlets actions do not correspond with his given reasoning, one is forced to look for an alternate explanation for Hamlets behavior. In doing so, one will come to the conclusion that Hamlet is driven by forces other than what is obvious to the reader, as well as Hamlet himself. Given this example, one must denounce the assumption that Hamlet is aware of the forces that motivate him, and understand that Hamlets true motivation is unconscious This unconscious force is the true reason behind Hamlets mysterious behavior.

The Atomic Bomb :: American America History

The Atomic BombBack demonstrate of the Atomic Bomb It was during the Second being War that the United States became a world power, thanks in a large part to its monopoly on atomic instruments. The atomic bomb is a weapon with great explosive power that results form the sudden release of energy upon the splitting, or fission of the nuclei of such heavy elements as plutonium or uranium. This bleak destructive force wrecked havoc on two Japanese cities and caused the end of World War II. It also saved thousands of American lives because a ground invasion of Japan was no longer necessary. The decision to create the bombs was that of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt under a secret military project that was called The Manhattan Project. The Beginnings of the Manhattan Project In 1939, after German dictator Adolf Hitler invaded Poland, German scientists shocked the scientific world when they announced that they had split uranium atoms by man-made means for the first time. Up on interview this news, a nuclear physicist, Leo Szilard, was convinced that a chain reaction of this process could be used as a weapon to release an awing burst of power. Szilard knew that this knowledge was now in the wrong hands of the enemy Germans. On a July day in 1939 Szilard and his associate, Edward Teller, drove to the Long Island home of Albert star to alert him of their findings. Einstein used his political influence by immediately writing a letter to President Roosevelt explaining the consequences of the Germans creating an atomic bomb. His letter read, I believe, therefore, that is my craft to bring to your attention that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large push-down store of uranium by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new-like elements would be generated. A single bomb of this type, carried by a boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port, together with some of the surrounding territory.T wo months passed before Roosevelt finally read the letter. He ordered a committee of scientists and military officers to meet Szilard and Teller to determine whether America was capable of building a nuclear bomb. In 1940, Szilard and Teller were granted a unblemished $6,000 to begin experiments in nuclear fission. The duo enlisted the help of the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938, Enrico Fermi.

Essay --

Dune is a novel by Frank Herbert intimately the rising of a messiah. The planets Dune, also called Arrakis, and Caladan serve as the setting for the story. The novel takes place in the far future, a dystopian future where humans ar trained to function like computers of old, which have been criminalize from being built after a popular uprising against machines known as the Butlerian Jihad. Paul MaudDib is shown to be the Messiah the Fremen atomic number 18 searching for in that he starts the terraforming of Dune, the fact that he parallels Christ, his changing of the culture of the Fremen, and the fact that his genes mark him for greatness, and the irony of the Barons actions.Ecology is a strong literary element in the novel Dune. plays a quite large part in Dune. Dune is a desert world, a sterile planet, loose of life. Not uUntil one goes underneath the surface of Dune, consequently a whole new ecosystem is seen, based around water or the avoidance of it. Fremen use engi neering called stillsuits to conserve their bodys water. Stillsuits recycle any moisture that is excreted by the body. This water is then drunk again, and used again. The Fremen, used to life that requires hoarding water, are astonished at the fact that there are other planets with coarse water on them. Sandworms are a quite important part of Dunes ecosystem. They, wWhile infants, sandworms produce the spice up melange, the spice so precious to human life on Arrakis. These infant sandworms, after being in a spice blow and surviving, eventually grow into the monstrosities that are adult sandworms, the Old Men of the Desert. (citation) The weewee of carriage is a potent poison and prescience drug, only obtainable by drowning a sandworm. Its opposite is the Water of Death (citation), ... ...ons actions earlier in the novel track down to his downfall and death later in the novel. His hatred for the Duke Leto Atreides leads to the rise of Paul MaudDib, Letos son and heir. Another irony is the fact that the Baron Harkonnen takes the dead Letos Mentat, Thufir Hwat, and makes Hwat his Mentat. Another matter, the press said. We learn that Duke Letos Mentat, Thufir Hawat, is not dead but in your employ. (Herbert 212). Keynes, the Imperial Planetologist, is killed by his own planet, which is an ironic issue in itself. Then, as his planet killed him, it occurred to Kynes (Herbert 180).Pauls mission is lastly to make Dune a planet full of life. He is there to change Arrakis, to make it ecologically more diverse. The first part of his mission is undefiled in Dune. He makes Dune a safe place for the Fremen to live in, free from persecution. Essay -- Dune is a novel by Frank Herbert about the rising of a messiah. The planets Dune, also called Arrakis, and Caladan serve as the setting for the story. The novel takes place in the far future, a dystopian future where humans are trained to function like computers of old, which have been ba nned from being built after a popular uprising against machines known as the Butlerian Jihad. Paul MaudDib is shown to be the Messiah the Fremen are searching for in that he starts the terraforming of Dune, the fact that he parallels Christ, his changing of the culture of the Fremen, and the fact that his genes mark him for greatness, and the irony of the Barons actions.Ecology is a strong literary element in the novel Dune. plays a quite large part in Dune. Dune is a desert world, a sterile planet, devoid of life. Not uUntil one goes underneath the surface of Dune, then a whole new ecosystem is seen, based around water or the avoidance of it. Fremen use technology called stillsuits to conserve their bodys water. Stillsuits recycle any moisture that is excreted by the body. This water is then drunk again, and used again. The Fremen, used to life that requires hoarding water, are astonished at the fact that there are other planets with open water on them. Sandworms are a quit e important part of Dunes ecosystem. They, wWhile infants, sandworms produce the spice melange, the spice so precious to human life on Arrakis. These infant sandworms, after being in a spice blow and surviving, eventually grow into the monstrosities that are adult sandworms, the Old Men of the Desert. (citation) The Water of Life is a potent poison and prescience drug, only obtainable by drowning a sandworm. Its opposite is the Water of Death (citation), ... ...ons actions earlier in the novel lead to his downfall and death later in the novel. His hatred for the Duke Leto Atreides leads to the rise of Paul MaudDib, Letos son and heir. Another irony is the fact that the Baron Harkonnen takes the dead Letos Mentat, Thufir Hwat, and makes Hwat his Mentat. Another matter, the Count said. We learn that Duke Letos Mentat, Thufir Hawat, is not dead but in your employ. (Herbert 212). Keynes, the Imperial Planetologist, is killed by his own planet, which is an ironic moment in itsel f. Then, as his planet killed him, it occurred to Kynes (Herbert 180).Pauls mission is ultimately to make Dune a planet full of life. He is there to change Arrakis, to make it ecologically more diverse. The first part of his mission is completed in Dune. He makes Dune a safe place for the Fremen to live in, free from persecution.

Essay --

dune is a fresh by Frank Herbert about the rising of a messiah. The planets Dune, also called Arrakis, and Caladan serve as the setting for the story. The novel takes place in the far future, a dystopian future where humans ar trained to cash in superstars chips like computers of old, which have been banned from being build after a popular uprising against machines known as the Butlerian Jihad. Paul MaudDib is shown to be the Messiah the Fremen are searching for in that he starts the terraforming of Dune, the fact that he parallels Christ, his changing of the culture of the Fremen, and the fact that his genes mark him for greatness, and the irony of the world powers actions.Ecology is a strong literary share in the novel Dune. plays a quite intumescent part in Dune. Dune is a desert world, a sterile planet, devoid of life. Not uUntil one goes underneath the surface of Dune, therefore a unit of measurement new ecosystem is seen, based around water or the avoidance of i t. Fremen use technology called stillsuits to conserve their bodys water. Stillsuits reprocess any moisture that is excreted by the body. This water is then drunk again, and used again. The Fremen, used to life that requires hoarding water, are astonished at the fact that there are other planets with open water on them. Sandworms are a quite important part of Dunes ecosystem. They, wWhile infants, sandworms produce the spice melange, the spice so unparalleled to human life on Arrakis. These infant sandworms, after being in a spice blow and surviving, eventually grow into the monstrosities that are adult sandworms, the middle-aged Men of the Desert. (citation) The Water of Life is a strong poison and prescience drug, only obtainable by drowning a sandworm. Its opposite is the Water of Death (citation), ... ...ons actions early in the novel lead to his downfall and conclusion later in the novel. His hatred for the Duke Leto Atreides leads to the rise of Paul MaudDib, L etos son and heir. A nonher irony is the fact that the Baron Harkonnen takes the dead Letos Mentat, Thufir Hwat, and makes Hwat his Mentat. Another matter, the Count said. We learn that Duke Letos Mentat, Thufir Hawat, is not dead but in your employ. (Herbert 212). Keynes, the Imperial Planetologist, is killed by his own planet, which is an ironic moment in itself. Then, as his planet killed him, it occurred to Kynes (Herbert 180).Pauls mission is ultimately to make Dune a planet full of life. He is there to change Arrakis, to make it ecologically more diverse. The head start part of his mission is completed in Dune. He makes Dune a safe place for the Fremen to live in, free from persecution. Essay -- Dune is a novel by Frank Herbert about the rising of a messiah. The planets Dune, also called Arrakis, and Caladan serve as the setting for the story. The novel takes place in the far future, a dystopian future where humans are trained to function like compute rs of old, which have been banned from being built after a popular uprising against machines known as the Butlerian Jihad. Paul MaudDib is shown to be the Messiah the Fremen are searching for in that he starts the terraforming of Dune, the fact that he parallels Christ, his changing of the culture of the Fremen, and the fact that his genes mark him for greatness, and the irony of the Barons actions.Ecology is a strong literary element in the novel Dune. plays a quite large part in Dune. Dune is a desert world, a sterile planet, devoid of life. Not uUntil one goes underneath the surface of Dune, then a whole new ecosystem is seen, based around water or the avoidance of it. Fremen use technology called stillsuits to conserve their bodys water. Stillsuits recycle any moisture that is excreted by the body. This water is then drunk again, and used again. The Fremen, used to life that requires hoarding water, are astonished at the fact that there are other planets with open water o n them. Sandworms are a quite important part of Dunes ecosystem. They, wWhile infants, sandworms produce the spice melange, the spice so precious to human life on Arrakis. These infant sandworms, after being in a spice blow and surviving, eventually grow into the monstrosities that are adult sandworms, the Old Men of the Desert. (citation) The Water of Life is a potent poison and prescience drug, only obtainable by drowning a sandworm. Its opposite is the Water of Death (citation), ... ...ons actions earlier in the novel lead to his downfall and death later in the novel. His hatred for the Duke Leto Atreides leads to the rise of Paul MaudDib, Letos son and heir. Another irony is the fact that the Baron Harkonnen takes the dead Letos Mentat, Thufir Hwat, and makes Hwat his Mentat. Another matter, the Count said. We learn that Duke Letos Mentat, Thufir Hawat, is not dead but in your employ. (Herbert 212). Keynes, the Imperial Planetologist, is killed by his own planet, which is an ironic moment in itself. Then, as his planet killed him, it occurred to Kynes (Herbert 180).Pauls mission is ultimately to make Dune a planet full of life. He is there to change Arrakis, to make it ecologically more diverse. The first part of his mission is completed in Dune. He makes Dune a safe place for the Fremen to live in, free from persecution.

Employment Laws and HRM Strategy Essay

Describe the scenario that you have selected and its corresponding habit laws. The human resource scenario the writer selected is the exact for seasonal employees who may be from a nonher country. Employment laws for the bow of disseminated multiple sclerosis will be a base used to solve this issue. Mississippi mesh and Hour Laws from the Employment Law Handbook insures that seasonal workers be provided with a token(prenominal) wage, meals and breaks, vacation, sick leave, severance and holidays. Mississippi currently does non have all evoke laws requiring or regulating these requests. Mississippi uses federal guidelines as a base for establishing employment laws. The federal law as of today requires a minimum wage of 7.25 dollars. The federal law for overtime is too followed by Mississippi. Meals and breaks according to federal law are not defined.Breaks taken by an employee that are little than twenty minutes essential be salaried and lunch breaks thirty minutes or m ore do not need to be paid as long as an employee pile do whatever he or she likes during this period according to the Department of wear. Vacation leave is determined to the employer since Mississippi legislature does not have any established guidelines on this matter. Sick leave, Severance pay and holidays are all determined by an employer in the state of Mississippi due to established laws in this state (Mississippi Wage and Hour Laws, 2012). In August of 2012 Mississippi held a committee meeting on in-migration reform. Governor Phil Bryant wanted to reaffirm a law preventing undocumented immigrants from recovering public benefits. The Mississippi Senate will have to take into consideration the United States dictatorial Court rulings and federal appeals when drafting Mississippi legislature for immigration laws.The Mississippi state immigration law would have to comply with E-Verify laws and constitutional laws are not violated. President Barack Obama passed a deportation defe rral to immigrants earlier this year hardly states can pass their own immigration reform laws such as genus Arizona and Alabama (Cherry, 2012). The United States Department of Labor established an act called The unsettled and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act or (MSPA) in prepare to protect these types of workers. The act protects employment related migrant and seasonal workers. The MSPA meets that each nonexempt parent contractor and agricultural seasonal association disclose their price and conditions of employment to each migrant worker.The terms and conditions of employment must be explained to the migrant and seasonal worker at the time of recruitment (Department of Labor, 2012). The job must description must also explain worker protection, amount of wages due to a migrant worker and provide an itemized statement of earnings and deductions (Department of Labor, 2012). The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act also guide housing and transportati on. The federal guide line ensures that housing and transportation provided meets federal and state guidelines with proper licensure and insurance which is enforced by the wage and hour division. The federal guidelines require records must be kept for at least three eld which includes name, permanent addresses and social security numbers (Department of Labor, 2012).The Fair Labor Standards Act or (FLSA) requires that workers on large farms are paid minimum wage but they are excluded from overtime premium pay. The FLSA prevents children under the age of sixteen from working during school hours and working certain jobs deemed too dangerous. Children that are employed on their families farm are exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act (Department of Labor, 2012). The immigration and Nationality Act (INA) require employers that want to use foreign temporary workers with H-2A visas get a motor certificate from the Employment and Training Administration.The certificate ensures that the re are not enough able, willing and qualified United State workers available to do the work. The Immigration and Nationality Act standard of the H-2A program is enforced by the wage and hour division (Department of Labor, 2012). Recommend a plan to manage the HRM situation within the marge of the law. Justify your approach to your scenario to HR focussing.The human resource management plan the writer recommends would be based on feat. Job performance and task performance represents what an employee contributes to an organization that employs them. Migrant workers would benefit from this type of grading system if the work performance is factory based. Task performance is the product of employees performing actions leading to the employment of raw materials into goods and services. Studies have been performed to show job performance management provides feedback and measurement improves employee performance leading to better organizational performance (Stewart, Brown, 2011). The wr iter believes migrant workers may show citizenship behavior.Employees often show citizenship behavior by going the extra mile for the company, volunteering for special projects, following organizational procedures even if they are not snug for the employee and defending the business where the employee works (Stewart, Brown, 2012). The writer would focus on counterproductive behavior before it starts. Counterproductive behavior is behavior from an employee that is harmful to a business. An employee can exhibit two types of counterproductive behavior 1) production deviance 2) property deviance occurs when employee sabotage equipment, destroys materials and products and misuse expense accounts. The counterproductive behavior can also be extended to gossiping about coworkers and showing favoritism.The writer would create a manual of policies and procedures explaining how this behavior is prohibited and have disciplinary consequences set in place if this behavior is exhibited. The writ er would not use performance appraisals as much. The main goal would be to give feedback to an employee and listen to any problems they may be having. State how a competitive advantage may be gained by ensuring HRM practices meet the necessary employment laws. A competitive advantage can be gained by ensuring human resource strategies are followed. A company must have an employee handbook, benefits package, job descriptions and a payroll system in place to ensure human resource strategies are at an advantage to the company.The steps above can be followed also to keep in compliance with legal employment issues. Laws and regulations are important to ensure equal rights to disabled worker, employment eligibility for migrant workers with the use of an I-9 form, drug screening and work place harassment. A competitive dodge can lead to effective human resource department and a successful business (Managing Employees, 2012). Speculate what might happen if the situation was not handled in a ccordance with the appropriate employment laws. A business that does not follow employment laws can face state and federal criminal charges.A business can avoid costly law suits by following laws to ensure employees are treated fairly. A companys compliance can fulfill money that would be used to repair a damaged reputation. Specific laws protect employees from immutable characteristics such as sex, race, age and religion. Characteristics such as tattoos, stab piercings and long hair are not covered by federal and state laws. State laws can set a basis by not discriminating against marital status or sexual orientation and may not conflict with federal laws. The writer speculates that if state and federal discrimination laws are broken a company can face many damaging hardships (Stewart, Brown, 2012).ReferencesCherry, Daniel (2012). Lawmakers Gearing Up for Immigrant Reform Battle Retrieved from httpwww.mpbonline.org on November 18, 2012Stewart, G., Brown, K. (2011). Human resource management (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley and SonsManaging Employees (2012). Retrieved from httpwww.mississippi.org on November 18, 2012Mississippi Wage and Hour Laws (2012). Employment Law Handbook, Retrieved from httpwww.employmenthandbook.com on November 18, 2012The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection, (2012) Department of Labor Retrieved from httpwww.dol.gov on November 18, 2012

The Marketing of Honda Motorcycles in the USA

The American Honda Motor Company was established as a marcher by Honda in 1959. During the 1960s the type of motorcycles brought by Americans belowwent a major change. Motorcycle registrations increased by over 800,000 in five years from 1960. In the archaeozoic 60s the major competitors were Haley Davidson of U. S. A, BSA, Triumph and Norton of the UK and Motto Guzzi of Italy. Harley-Davidson had the lifesizest market place share with sales in 1959 totalling a6. 6 million dollars.Many of the motorcycles produced were large and bulky and this led to the image f the motorcycle rider as being one who wore a leather jacket and went The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) spread over was initiated by the British government to withdraw the decline in British motorcycle companies around the world, especially in the USA where sales had dropped from 49% in 1959 to 9% in 1973. The two winder factors the report identified was the market share loss and profitability declines an the scale e conomy dis advantages in technology, distribution, and manufacturing.The BCG report showed that success of the Japanese manufacturers started with the growth of their own domestic markets. The high production for omestic demand led to Honda experiencing economies of scale as the speak to of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. This provided Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position which they utilize to penetrate into the US market. The basic philosophy of the Japanese manufacture is that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a yield of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques.Their marketing strategies are thitherfore directed towards developing these high model volumes, hence the careful caution that we have observed them giving to growth and market The report goes on to show how Honda built up engineering competencies through the innovation of Mr Honda. The company as well moved away from other com panies who relied upon distributors to sell their bikes when the company set up its headquarters in the westmost coast of America. The BCG found that the motorcycles available before Honda entered the market were for limited group of people such as the police, army etc.But Honda had a policy of selling, non primarily to confirmed motorcyclists but earlier to members of the general public who had never before given a second thought to a motorcycle( SP p. 16 ). The small, lightweight Honda Supercub sold at under 250 dollars compared to the bigger American or British machines which were retailing at around 1000 to 1500 dollars. In 1960 Hondas research team comprised of around 700 shapeer and engineer module compared to the 100 or so employed by their competitors showing the value which the company placed on innovation.Production per man-year was 159 units in 1962, a figure not reached by Harley-Davidson Honda was following a schema of developing region by region. Over a period of four to five years they moved from the west coast of America o the east coast. The report showed the emphasis which Honda paid to advertising when the company spent heavily on the advertising theme you trifle the nicest people on a Honda thereby disassociating themselves from the rowdy, hells angels type of people.Essentially the BCG is portraying Honda as a firm dedicated to being a low cost producer, utilising its dominant position in Japan to force entry into the U. S market, redefining that market by putting up the nicest people image and exploiting its comparative advantage via Pascale tends to disagree on many points of the BCG report. The report uggests that there was a smooth entry into the U. S market which led to an instant success. Pascale argues that Honda entered the American market at the end of the motorcycle trade season showing their impotence to carry out research in the new market.As they entered the market at the legal injury condemnation sales were not as go od as they should have been and any success was not going to be instantaneous. Pascale also criticises the assumption that Honda was top-flight to other competitors in productivity. He says that Honda was successful in Japan with productivity but circumstances indicate that the company was not superior. The lack of funding from the ministry of finance and the ploughing back of profits into inventory meant they had a tight budget to follow. The BCG report shows that Honda had a smooth policy of developing region by region, go from the west to the east.Pascale response is that this is partly true but reminds that Hondas advertising was still in Los Angeles in 1963, four years after setting up their subsidiary. The report to the British government showed that Honda had a deliberate strategy of disassociating themselves from the hells angels type of people by following the nicest people advertisement policy. Pascale shows that this was not an intentional move since there were disputes at bottom the company with the director of sales eventually persuading to management over against their better judgement.The BCG report found Honda pushed into the U. S market with small lightweight motorbikes. However Pascale says this is again not true. He argues the intend strategy was one of promoting the larger 250cc and 350cc as Honda felt that this was what the market wanted since Americans liked all things large. The bikes were unreliable which led to the forwarding of the supercubs. These bikes salvaged the reputation of the company. An dea which hardly came from an inspired idea but one of desperation.Overall Pascale gives the impression that it was through an incidental sequence of events which led to Honda gaining a smashed acquire in the U. S market, mainly through the unexpected discovery of a large untapped segment of the market while at the same time trying to retain the The criticism made by Pascale can be further analysed by looking at the The strengths of H onda start with the roles which the founders played. Honda was an inventive genius with a large ego and a volatile temperament. His main concerns were not about the profitability of the ompany or its products, but rather to show his innovative ability by producing better engines. Fujisawa on the other hand thought about the financial section of the company and how to market the ideas.He often challenged Honda to come up with better engines. By specialising in their own abilities the two of them were able to pool together resources Another strength was the way the company utilised its market position. Strengths in design advantages and production methods meant they were able to increases sales in Japan even though there was no nerve within the company. Once there was a large enough demand for its products, mainly the supercub, Honda both in Japan and in America, moved from a sale on consignment basis to one that infallible cash on delivery.This seemed a very risky decision to make at the time but within three years they had changed the pattern within the motorcycle industry by shifting the power relationship from the dealer to the manufacturer. Mr Honda had cultivated a success against all odds culture into the company. This was tested when he sent two executives to the U. S with no strategy other than to see if they could sell something. The weaknesses within an organisation can become irrelevant if the strategy is strong and there is good leadership. An element of luck also helped Honda follow an emerging strategy.Restrictions placed on funds by the government for the U. S venture obligate Honda to manoeuvre an alternative route. If they had all the funds necessary they may well have gone through the normal distribution Honda entered the us market slump at the end of the motorcycle trade season. When leaking oil and clutch problems occurred on their bikes it did not affect Honda as hard as it would have had they entered in the line of descent of the sea son. Also people noticing the Supercubs led the company to produce a bike which was not at first supported by senior The success of Honda was not the result of senior management coming up with all the answers.In fact senior executives in most Japanese manufacturing companies do not take their strategic positions too seriously. Salesman, cleaners and those working on the manufacturing floor all contribute to the company is run and thereby influence its strategic position. It is this ability of an organisation to move ideas from the tom to the bottom and back again in continuos dialogue that the As a conclusion it is necessary to consider the theoretical side of Hondas strategy and see whether the company was in fact following a model. The first model is the Andrews model.Andrew came up with the idea that there were two stages to corporate strategy, formulation and implementation. prep involved looking at the market, competitors and resources and formulating a corporate strategy whic h would be implemented throughout each process of the organisational structure. This model was also supported by Porter. This is how the BCG saw Honda, as a corporation, who had looked at the market, formulated a strategy to ope with the environment and competition pressures and implemented it, making all Hondas plans and activities deliberate.The second model cognize as the emergent strategy portrays a different image to the Andrews model and shows how Pascale viewed Honda. The model shows a realised strategy made up from a an intended strategy together with an emergent strategy which is not planned but emerges in relation to activities within the environment. Pascale seemed to think that in Hondas case a firm proportion or the companies corporate strategy was emergent and less was actually intended strategy.

Mold level control devices and systems

IntroductionContinuous barfing of vane is a procedure with many factors involved. If any of those factors ar non controlled it can declare inauspicious effect to both the blade produced and the equipment bring forthing it. This paper will briefly travel over the demands and equipment needed to adequately command the percentage point of brand name in a uninterrupted casting cast of exclusively timey pussy good as jobs that arise if non decently controlled.Reason For restraintThe steel s semilunar cartilage ( top of eloquent ) needs to be monitored and controlled for a figure of different grounds. The most obvious grounds ar to forest each the steel from overruning the cast or from the cast sledding drained. Both of those instances would ensue in liquefied steel falling onto the equipment below the cast, doing harm and halting of the procedure. Steel over the cast will slop turn up and it will in like manner forestall lubrication from come ining the cast pit. In the in stance of excessively small steel nowadays in the cast, the sum of clip the steel is in contact with the cast will be excessively short. If the outer part of the steel does non pass adequate clip near the cast walls, a shell of equal thickness to incorpo rate the internally liquid steel will non be formed. This would do a jailbreak, leaking molten steel and holding takings every bit good.If it was merely those both extremes mentioned supra, the allowable degree in the cast would be big and merely study a simple rule to keep steel degree within that scope. But it has been noticed industrially that fluctuations in the semilunar cartilage degree can hold noticeable correct up on the surface quality of the ensuing product1,2. The formation of laps and bleeds on the steel surface every bit good as deepened oscillation markers have been authoritative to point of accumulations on lubrication flow ca utilise by traveling semilunar cartilages. Laps and bleeds are proposed to be cause d when lubrication is blocked and the outer steel shell is allowed to touch the cast wall1. That contact bonds the two surfaces together doing cryings to organize in the steel tegument let go ofing liquefied steel. Even the cause of lubrication loss can be its ain job. If the limitation is caused by the semilunar cartilage making the scoria rim, the rim can do denting in the steel surface and can be broken onward onto the steel surface through scratch ( Fig. 1 ) .The depth of oscillation Markss formed by the cast s oscillation is related to the fluctuation delegacy of the meniscus2. Since oscillation Markss are a byproduct of the further differences between the cast and steel during denudation, a manipulateation in the semilunar cartilage degree would alter the comparative speed between the two. So, when the semilunar cartilage rises, more steel progresss per oscillation shot which increases the distance between markers but besides increasing the deepness of the marker ( Fig. 2 ) . On the other manus, when the steel degree in the cast lowers, the antonym is seen and the markers are closer together but each is shallower because of it.Equipment To MonitorThe staple fibre mold degree control systems relied merely on feeling devices at the cast to supervise the degree of the steel within it. Two chief options for the finding of steel degree are thermally supervising the cast or optical review of the meniscus1,3. The thermic method requires the installing of thermocouples within the cast above the coveted steel degree. The temperature at the thermocouples can be used to find their distance from the liquefied steel. The job with this method was complication in graduating it, since the temperature-to-distance computation would necessitate the thermocouples exact distances up the cast and within the cast every bit good as the heat transportation rate through the cast, its chilling rate and the initial temperature of the steel. A presently preferred method is a n optical detector positioned above the cast that straight observes the steel degree.Other countries that require monitoring are the usher axial rotations, the tundish, and the province of the tundish-to-mold flow governor ( either a conversation stopper rod or a slide gate valve ) ( Fig. 3 ) 4. The set project velocity of the steel is monitored through the usher rolls below the cast. The tundish is monitored to find the deepness of steel in the tundish since its ensuing metallostatic force per unit area principal will impact the flow velocity into the cast. The place of the flow regulator is required so that the cross sectional country of the tundish-to-mold flow can be calculated.Many parts are needed to interact with each other to travel a flow regulator3. At the regulator itself there are exertion limitation forces to see. For slide gate valves both smash with its holder and force per unit area from the fluxing steel can impact motion, while for a stopper rod clash against t he liquid steel every bit good as perkiness within that liquid demand to be considered. About all flow regulators are moved by usage of a hydraulic device. The force per unit area within a hydraulic cylinder is non ever of a degree to do motion, so the hold clip to construct up equal force per unit area to travel the flow regulator should be noted. The other beginning of retort hold is from the electrical detector commanding the hydraulic system. All electrical switches have a deadband value which is the tokenish electromotive force signal needed to trip a response. Taken together, the holds caused from electromotive force and force per unit area build up and get the better ofing clash can show about half a 2nd hold between computing appliance bid and physical accommodation.Computer Control MethodsAll the centripetal readings are inputted into a dynamic control system that determines what accommodations are needed to command the steel degree in the cast. The exact type of control system used presently is a closed-loop automatic control regulator ( Fig. 4 ) 5. This type of accountant does non necessitate human input, regulates the closedown product ( in this instance steel degree ) to a set value, and mentions prior end product readings for future determinations. The accountant is divided into two chief countries of concern bid response and turnover rejection3.Command response trades with doing major accommodations to the system to make the programmed steel level3. This is accomplished by executing a mass-flow balance for the mold4. This portion of the accountant modus operandi is dominate when the cast is ab initio make fulling up or when the degree of steel demands to be changed to a new set point. Once the coveted degree is reached in the cast, all that is required of this portion of the control plan is to maintain the incoming volume rate equal to the outgoing volume rate. The outgoing rate is equal to the projecting velocity from the usher axial rotat ions multiplied by the face country of the casting. The ingoing rate is based on the tundish-to-mold flowing velocity caused by the deepness of steel in the tundish and its corrected flow country. Adjustment is needed for computation of the ingoing volume rate since frictional forces curtailing flow alteration based on flow speed and turbulency.Disturbance rejection trades with minimising the mistake difference between the current steel degree and the mark steel level3. When the steel degree is near to the mark value, the bid response is used maintain the current mold degree while the perturbation rejection ordinary Acts of the Apostless to rectify for minor fluctuations in steel degree. These fluctuations from the mark are ordinarily the consequence of nose clogging, but can besides be caused by other things. There are two major methods for minimising mistake, through a hypothesize response or through an expert system.A expression modus operandi at the simplest contains a relati ve invariable that is multiplied by the mistake to rectify the end product system4. While this corrects for the mistake it besides can bring forth extra fluctuation in the steel degree, unless a differential invariable is besides used. By multiplying a changeless by the rate of steel degree fluctuation the rectification response is damped and will settle to the mark degree bit by bit. By utilizing this, the mark degree will non be overshoot ensuing in changeless gap and shutting of the flow regulator and seting unnecessary wear on it. Additional expression parts, like a fuzzed control term, can be used to accelerate response4,6.An expert system everyday uses pre-programmed responses for outputs7,8. It takes the input degrees, and based on anterior technology cognition, picks a predetermined action. While this everyday type is faster and simpler to make than a formula modus operandi, it does non hold the same degree of preciseness.DrumheadThe surface quality of uninterrupted dramati s personae steel can be greatly affected by motion of the steel semilunar cartilage in the cast. To acquire the best surface quality possible, the fluctuation scope of the semilunar cartilage should be minimized every bit much as possible. Through supervising the volume flow rates into and out of the cast, every bit good as the alteration in steel degree, the steel degree in the cast can be controlled. In add-on, jobs with steel flow into the cast can be corrected for by usage of computing machine modus operandis.Mentions1. S. Kumar, B. N. Walker, I. V. Samarasekera, and J. K. Brimacombe Chaos at the Meniscus The Genesis of Defects in Continuously Cast Steel Billets , 1995, 13th PTD Conference Proceedings, pp.119-1412. B. G. Thomas, M. S. Jenkins, and R. B. Mahapatra Investigation of Strand Surface Defects Using fake Instrumentation and Modelling , 2004, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Vol.31, No.6, pp.485-4943. H. L. Gilles, J. A. Stofanak, I. W. Whiteman, and J. W. Brunicon Dynamic Modeling of Slab Caster find Level Control , 1995, 13th PTD Conference Proceedings, pp.263-2774. D. Lee, Y. Kueon, and S. Lee High Performance Hybrid Mold Level Controller for Thin Slab Caster , 2004, Control Engineering Practice 12, pp.275-2815. G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell, and A. Emami-Naeini Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems, 4th Ed. , 20026. E. J. Saarelainen, P. Lautala, M. Inkinen, and J. Johansson Steel Caster Mold Level Control Using Fuzzy Logic , 1995, 13th PTD Conference Proceedings, pp397-4027. Y. S. Kueon, and S. Y. Yoo Mold Level Control in Continuous Caster Via Nonlinear Control Technique , 1997, automation in the Steel Industry8. T. Watanabe, K. Omura, M. Konishi, S. Watanabe, and K. Furukawa Mold Level Control in Continuous Caster by Neural Network Model , 1999, ISIJ International, Vol.39, No.10, pp.1053-1060

Different Parenting Styles on Children

Researcher Diana Baumrind, help to identify and describe the four basic p arnting flairs definitive, authoritarian, permissive, and un tortuous pargonnts. Research studies nourish proven that parenting style has a abundant impact on a infants psycho-social development. Parenting styles behave different outcomes on a shavers social relationships, school performance, and self-esteem. sniffy parents deprivation excited nurturing. permissive parents lack structure, but are smash at providing more than emotional support.Authoritative parenting is a combination of both authoritarian and permissive. Authoritative parents are better at setting ground rules and specific boundaries and sticking to them trance alike giving the claw the emotional support they need. Uninvolved parenting is when tiddlerren have parents that scarper to miss them. Uninvolved parents are so wrapped up in themselves and could care less about providing their child with emotional support or focusing o n their childs wants and needs. The authoritative parenting style is the most autocratic style for children.Consequently, children who have parents that are permissive or degage engage in more high risk criminal behaviors that have a lasting effect on into adulthood. Keywords Parenting, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved, psycho-social development No surprise that there are big differences in the ways we approach parenting our culture, the situations in our lives, and so far the way our parents raised us influence what we speak up is the rectify way to parent (Ritter, 2011). Since the 1920s, health and psychology adepts have wondered why children behave the way that they do.They developed an interest in a childs behavior and the style of parenting used in the home. Diana Baumrind is a psychologist and expert in parenting adopted the four differing parenting styles. She was responsible for the idea that different parents have different parenting styles and ha ve a different way of raising their children. Research has suggested hea and then specifics sometimes play a part in parenting strategies in their relation to a childs behavior problems. Socioeconomic statuses were also make up to have an effect on child-rearing practices.Social status give the axe have a major effect on the parental-child relationship which ordure cause the parents to be a lot less nurturing. This research is to uncover the different parenting styles and the effect it has on a childs educational, mental, and social development. Parents are high on gibe but low on responsiveness. They emphasize rigid behavior standards, place a premium on obedience, and are emotion all in ally distant and unresponsive (Conger, Simons, Gordon, Leslie 2007). This style of parenting relates to authoritarian parents.These parents attempt to mold their child into what they would like to see them grow up to be. Authoritarian parents try to control their childs actions by enforcing m orose rules, and boundaries. This is the parenting style that allows no room for error or change. These parents lack affection in their style of parenting and are a lot less nurturing. Children with authoritarian parents tend to do less well in school, are typically less skilled than their peers and have lower self-esteem. Children can appear passive or extremely aggressive. The childrens wishes have non been listened to nor valued (Baumrind, 1991).These children lack the social skills needed for healthy relationships, however, they do very well when it comes to academics. Children of authoritarian parents have very good earshot skills and are use to obeying rules and ever having someone tell them what to do. They do this in order to avoid getting in to affect. Authoritarian parenting is defined as punitive. punitory parents tend to use physical punishment as a way of disciplining their child or children. Research has sh induce that parents who use physical punishment to check out their children wise to(p) it from previous generations. Both theory and research suggest that harsh physical discipline is likely to undermine adolescent efforts to express autonomy and relatedness. Experiences of harsh discipline may lessen an adolescents sense of felt security in the family, and thus signal to the adolescent that relationships with parents are too fragile to break down an increase in autonomy (Bender, Allen, McElhaney, Antonishak, Moore, Kelly, Davis, 2007). Children with punitive parents often suffer from depression, lower self-esteem, and lack social skills.A problem with children that have authoritarian parents is that when a child is in need of guidance or needs help solving a problem, they often turn to someone that they can trust, feel loved, and accepted by. Authoritarian parents have much(prenominal) high standards for their children in order for them to be successful adults, but they fail to authoritativeize they are missing out on real opportunit ies to provide the guidance that their child needs the most. It is healthy to have high expectations and limits for children but it is unhealthy when the sense of balance love and affection is not defined.This is a balance that authoritarian parents need to square off in order to successfully raise their child or children. Children with authoritarian parents tend to have more mischievous behaviors then their peers. These children lie a lot and hide their behaviors for fear what their parents will say and do. They are afraid to be honest because of the consequences that can be given or have previously been given for their actions. Even if the childs behavior is positive, and the parent does not agree that the child should be doing the active and that this is something that goes against what the parent has planned.The child will begin to hide all their behaviors even if they could receive negative or positive feedback. Furthermore, these parents fail to realize that their children a re lying to avoid always being punished and that they are helping their child develop a life full of deceitful behavior. Permissive parents are parents that seek more sport out of their children and are more straight-from-the-shoulder to letting their children to behave any way they would like. According to Baumrind, permissive parents are more responsive than they are demanding.They are nontraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation (Baumrind, 1991). Research has also shown permissive parenting to be associated with negative outcomes much(prenominal) as school misconduct, substance abuse and low frustration tolerance (Ang, 2005). Permissive parents have an uncontrollable love for their child but prefer to be more of the childs friend than their parent. Permissive parents have a harder time when it comes to setting boundaries and struggle to carry out the consequences.These parents have few rules to hold in order in the home such as, table manners, chores, bedtimes, homework, mealtimes, and being responsible. Permissive parents tend to let their children have control over their own behavior and work out their own decisions. Even though permissive parents are loving, their lack for setting boundaries causes their children to suffer from insecurities. Lack of boundaries can cause a child to become selfish. Children with permissive parents have a high level of self esteem and develop better social skills however they tend to have more problematic behavior.These children lack motivation and interest in school because they are not held responsible for their actions. Children of permissive parents are self-centered and lack discipline. These children do not have many another(prenominal) friends and lack good social skills. Although authoritarian and permissive parenting styles appear to represent opposite ends of the parenting spectrum, neither style has been linked to positive outcomes, (Bornstein, Bornstein, 2007). Children with permissive parents have a lot of insecurities because of the relationship that they have with their parents.They feel that their parents could care less about them. After all, these children have the freedom to do whatever they want and their parents not fall in them any attention, or give them the guidance that they need to have a successful life. Dismissive parenting or neglectful parenting are also known as the uninvolved parenting style. This parenting style is almost like permissive parenting. One difference between the two styles is uninvolved parents could care less about their children. These parents lack emotional involvement and do not provide proper supervision to their child (Dubai, 2009).Uninvolved parents provide for only their childs basic needs such as, food, shelter, and clothing. One of the worse cases for these children is that some of these neglectful parents have major addictive behaviors which may leave the child to act as their own parent or guardian. A lot of these children lack the basic social and academic skills needed to have a successful life. They may even begin to become involved in criminal behaviors. These children do not attend school regularly which causes them to have poor academic records and a higher dropout rate.These children are more discomfit to become victims of physical, mental, sexual and emotional abuse due lack of supervision from their parents. These children have been found to have lasting mental and physical health problems that can affect them on into adulthood. Dismissing a childs feelings or needs by ignoring them or telling them to forget it or get over it can have tremendous effects on their development as they grow into adulthood. The child will learn how to hold back their emotions and will have trouble with expressing their emotions properly to the people around them.Additionally, the child will develop problems establishing positive, healthy, and safe relat ionships. These children will even have trouble in school. Most times uninvolved parents try not to have any type of interaction with their child. These parents tend to keep themselves deeply involved in their work and any other performance they may feel is more important than their child. An uninvolved parent is a parenting style that can be learned from previous generations. Their parents may have also appeared to always be too busy to raise them, show them love, and affection, or give them positive influence for their life.Finally, children of uninvolved or neglectful parents have been found to be rated at the lowest level of all domains in life physical, social, educational, and cognitive. The most positive, loving, warmest, parenting style would be the authoritative parent. Authoritative parents are more open to disciplining their misbehaving child however their punishments are not very strict. They are more involved in their childs life than the uninvolved parents and are not as harsh as authoritarian parents. Baumrind stated authoritative parents monitor and impart clear standards for their childrens conduct.They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative (Baumrind, 1991). Research has shown that children who are raised by authoritative parents have higher self-esteem levels, rely more on themselves, and tend to listen more cooperatively to rules. With all of these positive influences in the childs life they tend to be more successful in their academics and later on in life in their careers as adults. It was found that higher socioeconomic status parents are more like to display an authoritative parenting style, i. e. they are responsive to the needs of their children, and foster demands through two-way communication and the encouragement of independence (Chng, no d ate).Authoritative parents are firm, fair, and provide continuous discipline to help their child develop proper behavior skills. These parents actively listen and consider the childs opinions and feelings about decisions. This parent can clearly explain their expectations to their children and encourage their child to do well in all of lifes domains such s mental, social, physical and emotional. Authoritative parents find pleasure in the childs accomplishments. The style of parenting used by authoritative parents tends to balance the differences between authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. For example, when a parent tried to get their child obey them, no matter how the child feels or what they think about it, there times when a parent needs to step back and allow their child to make their own mistakes and do things on their own without have the parent there to interfere.In all, children that are raised by authoritative parents have more freedom to explore and be and find t hemselves, while receiving the love, affection, and support that they need to have a successful while have certain boundaries that have been set by their parent. Parenting styles can determine how a child will develop in the major areas of their life. After researching and learning the major impact that the four parenting styles have on a childs development it has been shown that the authoritative parenting style has the most productive and positive effects on children.Authoritative parents instill proper amount of love, encouragement, and nourishment, while also setting the right amount of boundaries for their child. We can also evaluate that the lack of parental involvement, poor monitoring and supervision, and harsh and inconsistent discipline, have all been established as tough predictors of antisocial outcomes in children and adolescents (Dadds, Hawes, 2006). Authoritative parenting style can be a hard style to develop and achieve, because of culture, family size, generational background, economic status, educational level, religion and even different personalities between the parent and child. Child temperament may elicit certain parenting styles just as parenting styles may affect the relations between child temperament and behavior. It is possible that early levels of behavior problems influence parenting styles and behavior in middle childhood, which in turn influence later behavior problems (Williams, Degnan, Perez-Edgar, Henderson, Rubin, Pine, Steinberg, Fox, 2009). It is important for parents to find a healthy parenting style that will positively produce a healthy, loving, happy child.

Ancient Mesopotamia and the Epic of Gilgamesh

The epical of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest epics known to man, reflects the challenges of deportment in antiquated Sumer by dealing with them metaphorically. The most important challenges in ancient Sumerian life were deforestation and flooding. After Enkidu and Gilgamesh meet and become friends, Gilgamesh proposes that they go to the cedar forest and cut down all the trees. Though Gilgameshs reason out for cutting down all the trees isnt very reasonable, he still persuades Enkidu to come along with him. At dawn Gilgamesh raised his ax and struck at the great cedar.When Humbaba heard the sound of falling trees, he hurried down the path that they had seen but only he had traveled. 1 Gilgamesh and Enkidu cutting down trees was a metaphor for the ongoing problem of deforestation in ancient Mesopotamia. Because Gilgamesh and Enkidu cut down the trees that were sacred to the divinity fudges, the gods cursed mankind with fire and drought. Civilization has never recognise limits to i ts needs. 2 In ancient Mesopotamia, the land was savagely deforested. In this way, deserts formed, and civilization declined. Gilgamesh yearns for immortality, and chases after the dream of being immortal.When he fails to achieve immortality, he returns to his townsfolk and realizes that because he built the wall of Uruk and other constructions and because they would last long after he was gone, he would thereby gain immortality. He looked at the walls, awed at the heights his people had achieved and for a moment- just a moment- all that lay behind him passed from view. 3 In the epic of Gilgamesh immortality is a theme that frequently recurs, and is a metaphor for how Sumerians, as like all humans, desire immortality but cannot achieve it.Also, a possible explanation for the reason humans do not conduct immortality is because Gilgamesh did not obtain immortality. Humans living in ancient Mesopotamia had difficult relations with gods they were responsible for natural disasters, w hich is how the people of ancient Sumer rationalized floods, drought, famine, and locusts. Supposedly, the gods had human emotions and could become stubborn, uncivilised for no reason, jealous, and have other petty emotions. With the gods ability to create those natural disasters and at the same time harbor negative emotions, humans were fearful of the gods wrath, since the gods could be easily provoked.Before the epic of Gilgamesh, a tremendous flood is released when the gods realize how imperfect humanity is. Utnapishtim had built a large gravy boat and every living thing was stowed away inside of it while the flood raged. When the flood recedes, Utnapishtim is the only human left alive along with other animals. He lets the animals free, and Enlil blesses him with immortality. The power of the gods in the epic of Gilgamesh is a metaphor for the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Because the gods were violent and episodic, they could create disasters among the Sumerian s and they could grant immortality.Acts of God, such as flooding, drought, famine, or plagues of locusts, affected entire communities. Floods were mainly local but extremely destructive, causing a high death rate. 4 Floods were one of the largest problems in Ancient Mesopotamia. The rivers could also be harsh and unpredictable because their flooding devastated ancient Mesopotamia. Ancient Sumerians could also suffer from droughts, famine, locust, and other natural disasters. On the other hand, they could gain abundant harvest when nature was compliant.Many challenges of life in ancient Sumerian history are reflected in the epic of Gilgamesh. Deforestation and flooding were the main issues faced in ancient Mesopotamia. These challenges were woven into the epic tale of Gilgamesh as metaphors The epic of Gilgamesh shows an understanding of ecological processes and the consequences of human action on the earth5 The epic of Gilgamesh was proof that Ancient Sumerians caused their own l ast by deforestation, which also led to more flooding and other natural disasters.

Human Perceptions

As Human beings we ar blessed to have five senses. These senses are sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. These senses dedicate normal life manageable for us. All five are equally as important as the next. However it is not impossible to see without one or two of them. Sometimes losing one our senses can enhance the rest. Human beings thrive on their ability to detect what is happening around them and make sense of the changes. Essentially, a human being cannot be able to do without the ability to sense and get the meaning behind the senses.Sensory properties are perceived when our centripetal organism interacts with stimuli in the valet around us. There are several senses which are fundamental in the human well being. These senses include vision, gestation, olfaction, touch, audition and multimodal perception. For humans, experience, of the world is in general stable, and the ability to perceive it is easily taken for granted. Objects have positions, shapes and colors that seem to be perceived instantly, and we can reach for them or move to where they are, without some(prenominal) apparent effort. It is worth oting that sensory perceptions inform the thinking process. Essentially, thinking is a process which entails and interplays of many facets. Furthermore, what is thought about proceeds from what has been acquired through the senses. Hence, faulty perceptions put to work the quality of the thinking process. There are cardinal reasons to believe that our senses are fallible. Seeing should not always be believing. Once we realize that our senses can be fooled, then we can begin to adjust to surface appearance and personal distortions. Sometimes our senses can be deceived.Our senses do not always deliver consummate data to our brain. Our senses do not operate effectively when we are sick, drowsy, or tired. Our sensual perceptions, such as sight, can deceive our brain in three major ways. It can be limited biologically, we see the superficial corra lled by custom, we see the habitual and blinded by language, we see the general. Our five senses are generally part of nature and as we get older, wiser, and mature we tend to nurture our senses to perceive things better. We are born with vision, smelling, hearing, taste, and touch.These are innate sensory perceptions. A electric razor does not know the smell of smoke or certain food items being cooked. As they get more mature, their senses become stronger and by nurturing these senses they can fall apart the different smells. In conclusion, our five senses are innate and part of nature. As a child, our senses are immature and as we get older our senses improve. We continually exit to our senses to refresh the data, to seek new data, and to use specific instruments to justify and sharpen our senses so that we dont perceive fallible information.Citations Kirby, G. R. , & Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Chapter 3 Advances in Consumer Research North American Conf erence Proceedings 2009, Vol. 36, p127-130, 4p Kirby, G. R. , & Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Patterson, J. , Owen, C. , Frank, D. , Smith, R. , & Cadusch, P. (2004, May). Flavour sensory qualities and consumer perceptions a comparison of sensory and brain activity responses to flavour components in different populations. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 39(5), 481-490.

Pride and Prejudice and the Relationships of Women and Men Essay

In the book hook and Prejudice by Jane Austen there are many consanguinitys between men and women. This book was originally entitled First Impressions and when reading it is easy to under stand out how this title could be aptly appropriate to the story line and characters. In these relationships unrivalled of the things that can be noted is that men are primarily feel for sex and that women are looking for resources. There are several character relationships in the story that defend this theory. These relationships include the relationship between Charlotte and Mr. collins, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, and Mr. and Mrs. white avens.There are many examples as to how these relationships truly do exemplify the theory that women practice relationships to find resources and men use relationships to find sex (LeFraye, Chapter 1). In the relationship of Charlotte and Mr. Collins there is much speculation throughout the story as to whether or not they are authentically in erotic love. Th is can be exemplified through looking at their interactions together and focusing on what they do not have. There are many cases where it is manifest that Charlotte wants to be married and that she is trying to fulfill her mothers dream of her be married off.to a fault Charlotte seems to ravish in the base that someone else could take for care of her. As for Mr. Collins, there is much detail linked to his attraction to Charlotte and being attracted to her could promote a stronger desire in him to fulfill his sexual desires with her. Also prior to Mr. Collins being with Charlotte, Mr. Collins was more interested in Elizabeth who continuously denied him and didnt want to be with him. This further promotes that Mr. Collins did not array that he was truly in love with Charlotte in the story (Austen 211).There were many other key points that were involved in the relationship between Mr. Collins and Charlotte. This relationship between Charlotte and Mr. Collins did cause some problem s for Charlotte as her sister was disappointed in her in that she felt that Charlotte should hold out for true love and rattling find someone who was smitten with her where as Charlotte seemed ready to settle in a desperate attempt to be married and no extended have to worry about whether or not she was going to have to take care of herself.Charlotte seemed to be comforted by the fact that someone was pass to really take care of her and focus their energies on her well being. In this fact it seems as though Charlotte was truly willing to settle for anything when it came to being interpreted care of and Mr. Collins was happy settling for Charlotte whom he found attractive and yet he was also able to encourage a relationship where he would be able to have passion in his own eyes. This relationship personifies the trend of the times that was when someone married for economic reasons rather than marrying for love (Pride and Prejudice 3).In the relationship of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy there are many different factors affecting how things. In the beginning it seems as though Elizabeth can not stand Mr. Darcy, as if intending to exasperate herself as much as possible against Mr. Dacry. There were many other statements in the novel which would lead one to count that Elizabeth thence can not stand Mr. Darcy. There are also statements in the novel to support that Mr. Darcy feels likewise and the same and that he too has no intentions of having a relationship with Elizabeth.Mr. Darcy, who was leaning against the mantle-piece with his eyes fixed on her face, seemed to catch her words with no little resentment than surprise. His complexion became pale with anger, and the disturbance of his mind was discernible in every feature. The problems between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy seemed to be that they both were head strong and had big personalities in which they were not interested in being able to enmesh in a relationship together (Austen 313 and 314). Later through the novel the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr.Darcy develops and eventually, the second time that he proposes, they decide to be married. In this sense it seems as though Elizabeth holds out on marrying him until she believes that he is willing to initiate a relationship with her and he is willing to respect her for her thoughts and beliefs and not hardly that he is attracted to her or wanting to be with her in a relationship. Another key factor in this relationship is that Elizabeth finds Mr. Darcy to be attractive, even when she is unhappy with who she thinks he is as a person, she still thinks that he is good looking.There are also a lot of issues in this sense as Elizabeth talks a lot throughout the first chapters about her opinions of others and she does not truly give others a chance to develop as she bases most of her long term impressions on others on the first impression which they make. Overall this relationship personifies a successful relationship between a man and a woman under the pretentiousness that there has to be a long term connection and something more than initial attraction in order to have a successful relationship and marriage (Pride and Prejudice 1).In the relationship of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet it is obvious that Mrs. Bennet is consumed with the financial ability of men to take care of women. She is obsessed with her daughters being able to marry a fine suitor who will be able to hand over for them and she is even talking about the amount of money one young man makes with her husband as the story opens. Mr. Bennet seems to be concerned about his wifes beauty which would prove that he has a need and a desire to find her attractive.Mrs. Bennets only concerns for her daughters are that they be married off to wealthy men who can provide the best of life for them however she has poor public manners and many times her daughters are embarrassed by her. Also Mrs. Bennets actions really do keep some of the most suitable suitors away from her daughters as her actions are rather appalling to others and therefore they are typically wanting less to do with her daughters in fear of having to deal with her.In many parts of the novel, Mr. Bennet comments on his appreciation for Mrs. Bennets beauty, in doing so he is portraying that he is truly attracted to her and therefore he would be interested in the sexual relationships that would be available to him with his wife (Austen 213). This relationship between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet personifies the relationship that can occur when someone focuses on attraction first. This being that Mr. Bennet fell in love with how Mrs. Bennet looked without knowing what her intelligence was or whether or not they would get along. Mr.Bennet had been more concerned with these outward features than long term compatibility and in the end there were a lot of reasons to believe that this relationship was not all that it seemed to be (Pride and Prejudice 2). In the book, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Auste n, there are many relationships that exemplify the idea that women are in relationships in order to secure stability and men are in relationships for sex. This is apparent in the relationships between Charlotte and Mr. Collins, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, and Mr. and Mrs.Bennet. In these relationships the women are looking for various securities whether financial, emotional or both and the men seem to be looking for the sexual benefits that will come from the relationships. These types of relationship trends are interested in Bibliography Austen, Jane. The Complete Novels. New York Penguin Group, 2006. LeFraye, Deidre. Jane Austen The world of Her Novels. New York Harry N. Abrams, 2002. Pride and Prejudice. The Literature Network. 2000.

Coco Chanel’s Influence on the Apparel Industry Essay

coconut palm Chanels influence in the path constancy began over a century ago during the 1920s. Chanel embraced the essence of the Roaring Twenties which was each(prenominal) about becoming someone and separating yourself from the old and beginning a new life. Chanel focused on the impertinently found needs and desires of women and designed her manner around what women had wanted. Not only did coconut palm Chanel pave the room for modern fashion, she similarly weed innovative ideas utilize fabrics that were traditionally used for menswear. These fabrics were incredibly durable which allowed Chanel to construct new designs with less fabric than what would bedevil been traditionally used. One of the major fabrics that Chanel included in her lines once again and again was wool jersey. This fabric is comfortable and easy fitting, but at that time, had not been administered suitable for fashionable clothing. This was an unconvincing influence that Chanel had in the fashion industry because she showed the world that wool jerseys can be used in fashionable clothing. coconut Chanel also had created a modern spin on ornamentation for womens clothing. Instead of using more fabric, such as lace, Chanel decided to decorate the clothing using beading and embroidery. Coco Chanel also frequently accessorized her clothing with multiple strands of pearls, quilted handbags, sling-back ivory pumps with black toes and of course, her conclave of jewels with sportswear. All of these accessories are still used to accentuate Chanels clothing present day and have also set Coco Chanels clothing apart from the rest from the very start.Chanel also changed the mien womens clothing looked on women. Prior to the innovation of Coco Chanel, a womens body was intermit into two halvesupper and lower. Chanel modified this and found continuity and symmetry throughout the entire torso. Chanel is also cognize for letting go of the waistline and created the style which we current ly see in fashion. This in itself shows how Coco Chanel has changed the fashion industry forever. Chanel created the flapper look, which we all think of when we think of the Roaring Twenties. The flapper look was defined by its male influence, which incredibly popular throughout the 1920s.Coco Chanel became an icon in the 1920s, and every muliebrity wanted to be just like her. Coco Chanel became very slender and long, which caused all of her clients to lose weight. This is how the boyish frame of womens bodies became popular in the 1920s. Coco Chanel also cut off all of her long hair to create a classic bob. This caused Coco Chanel to look even more boyish. All of her clients soon adopted the hairstyle themselves, which caused Chanel to also have been responsible for the popularity of the bobbed haircut of the 1920s. Because Chanel paved the way in the physical appearance of women throughout the Roaring Twenties, Coco Chanel designed her dresses to be fitted for slimness and lengt h, included with a dropped waistline.Chanels biggest influence in the fashion industry is how she drastically changed the length of skirts worn by women in the early 1920s. Shortly after the introduction of shorter skirts, Chanel genuine the ever so popular little black dress. This became an essential garment for every woman to own, in the past, and present day. The development and introduction of the little black dress into society had the closely decently impact than any other garment ever introduced. This gave women a go-to outfit for all times, whether it was for work, a dinner, or a more casual look.The Chanel style hasnt changed since the occasion began designing clothing. Currently, the Chanel style still holds the traditional and classic French chic with a menswear feel through texture and fabric. The innovative ideas of the late Coco Chanel has paved the way not only through modern fashion, but has also created what we now consider a classic look. This can be seen as tr ue because the Chanel look is the perfect go-to and will never go out of style. The classic Chanel style has been in style for over 100 years, which shows how influential the designer was.Chanels style are still relevant today with women all over the world purchase the little black dress and tweed suits, which Chanel made famous. Chanel impacted the apparel industry in the most powerful waypossibleshe defined the classic look, which will never go out of style. This shows how Coco Chanel has not only influenced the world of fashion, but that she is one of the most influential people in the fashion industry. It has been well over a century since her introduction in the fashion industry, and her name still lives onstronger than ever.

Legal Implications in Human Resources Essay

It is important to give a brief description of the fellowship and their employment policy. Gelato t solely mallow caller is located in Heartland Corners, U.S.A., and employs one hundred workers at its principal processing plant who distributes tall mallow throughout the United States. The company has or soly young member employed to its company between the ages of 25-35. The company is located in a neighbour, which has a population of 50 percent flannel and 25 percent African American, with the balance being Hispanic American, Asian American and others. The company requires a high tutor diploma as a condition of employment for its cleaning crew. Based on this requirement Gelatos entire cleaning crew is white. Many companies in the United States that mainly have a white population have the same or similar policies found on economy reasons. It is understandable that most company even off their standards based job title, description and evaluation a company will set their stan dards and qualification based on each position.The company must at all times purify to stay within the fag laws of the country which have specific conditions that each company must honour or will be in breach of the law and will face serious consequences based on these breaches. Thus it is important for the human resource department to be current in labour and company law to guide their company in the right direction. Base on the Title cardinal of the Civil Rights play of 1964 it can be stated that at first observation the company did non violate any of the acts requirement of them however this is wrong. The act highlight and prohibits most workplace harassment and dissimilarity, c overs all private employers, state and local governments, and educational institutions with 15 or more employees. In addition to prohibiting discrimination against workers because of race, colour, national origin, religion, and sex, those protections have been extended to include barring against di scrimination on the basis of pregnancy, sex stereotyping, and intimate harassment of employees. (hrhero.com 2013) The fact that the surround community is mostly while and a higher percentage of students alumna from high school with a certificate is white. It can be assume that the company created its policies based on knowledge acquired from the high school which states 75% of the white population has completed high school, compared with 25% of those in minority groups. This is discrimination to the minority group based on the fact that the company insist on this employment policy that they know that more whites graduate than the minor group then the correct measures should be taken into consideration. Based on the policy of employing only gradates students from the high has already discover discrimination. (hrhero.com 2013) Gelato Cheese Company human resource department needs to review the time Discrimination in Employment Act as it relates to application and employment decision s this is because of the age of their janitorial staff. The members of the janitorial staff are between the ages of twenty-five (25) and thirty-five (35). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act helps to protect older employees so they have a fleck fair chance at employment. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits an employer from refusing to hire, firing, or other discriminating against an employee age 40 or older, solely on the basis of age. Thus base on the company age group they are in beech of the policies and need to adjust and make changes where necessary. At forty (40) years old you are still functional and able to achieve and conduct assumption task that needs to be complete at the correct time for any company this it is unsporting of employers to want to employ only young employee. When these people are out of a job the over will have to find additional money for unemployment program. (hrhero.com 2013)

360 Degree Feedback

Abstract As todays tunees continue to expand, workers be expected to fargon intumesce on their avocations. This is what truly happened to heed who has a tendency to pace how well they argon doing on their job. The job done in a certain period of time is frequently evaluated by consummation appraisal. surgical mould appraisals lead to enhancing employees functioning, upcountry dialogue (relationship), and quality goods as well. rough experts argue that orchis carrying into action appraisal is virtu on the wholeywhat inconstant and umpteen of them contemplate mathematical execute appraisals stooge be injurious to quality onward motion and convey some negative perceptions to the vigilance (David Law, 2007). Albeit many paids pointed out disadvantages associated with using work appraisal, I contemplate that its benefits outweigh drawbacks. As such(prenominal), a 360-degree feedback is one of the numerous examples of action evaluation method actings.Performan ce appraisals green goddess be employ to government none ones job doing with feedback from subordinates, peers, and managers in the institution, so that eitherone in the particular ecesis knows what and where he or she needs to improve. In addition, well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks lead to positive substitutes in workers job mirth and enhance the companys effort to attain its avow interest.The stable encouragement of the assembles of performance appraisal has a variety of short-term and long-term consequences including improve job performance, harmonious interpersonal relationships (superiors and subordinates), and as well as advanced quality focusing ( persisting improvement) inside organizations. History The 360-degree feedback was initially employ by the U. S. Armed Forces to support evolution of its staff in the 1940s. subsequent on Clark Wilson from the University of Bridgeport ( yokeicut) developed the first 360-degree feedback take after instruments for solicitude discipline and it has been used and studied since 1973 (www. erformanceprograms. com). Valuable factors A 360-degree feedback offers a variety of remarkably authority benefits. According to Stephane Brutus et al. (2006), all of the following benefits throw off been applied to 6 different countries in distinct functions, such as accounting, finance, manufacturing, and many other primary departments. Individuals get a broader perspective of how they are perceived by others than previously possible. It indicates that awareness of and relevance of fightncies in workers psyche pass on continue to increase over time.At this point, management should be aware that they too have development needs that are crucial for the substantial organization. Once this measuring has been applied, employees would beside bequeath more bona fide feedback to managers intimately their performance. I deliberate this method could be seen as a win-win feature which is beneficial for dickens workers and management. Encouraging more open feedback red-hot insights. It indicates that reinforcing the desired competencies of the business requires a clearer outline to senior management of mortals real worth.A 360-degree feedback clarifies the employees critical performance aspects because open feedback gives large number a more rounded view of performance than they had previously. Identifying key development areas for the individual, a department and the organization as a whole. Individuals strengths butt joint be used to the best advantage of the business. A rounded view of the individuals/ teams/ organizations performance determines reservely strengths and weaknesses in business environment.Therefore, the self-awareness of managers allow for have personally pretend upon subordinates. supporting(a) a humor of continuous improvement. Starting to improve the climate/ morale volition be metric through the survey. prudence should focus on agenda and cover for development based upon the collected 360-degree feedback. Goals and objectives of 360-degree feedback Applying 360-feedback requires that both recipients and reviewers are involved in confidential feedback. The negative effect of transparent feedback can negatively modify by emotions and peer conflicts.This issue can lead to damage job performance and unfavorable interpersonal relationship among the employees. Patricia Angelucci (2000) states the desired objectives of a 360-degree feedback are increasing professional accountability, motivating staff, and increasing employee morale and comfort (Angelucci, 2000). Importantly, she claims that 360-degree appraisal abandoned to employees give ups for constructive feedback and employee recognition by objectively measuring performance, and gives the employee the responsibility to contribute reading (Patricia Angelucci, 2000).It is clear that using 360-degree feedback can inevitably improve labors job performance as long the eva luations are delivered honestly, openly, and objectively to the targets in each aspect of management including superiors and subordinates. impact of 360-feedback Robert Garbett et al. (2007) suggest several recommendations to optimize the utility program of the exploit in preparing 360-degree feedback 1. Thorough preparation. It is remarkably crucial to all members involved about the purpose and criteria used to identify role set members.Preparation indicates key to accomplish successfulness in implementing 360-degree appraisal. 2. Suitability. Methods used in gathering information need to reflect what is convenient and appropriate to the colleagues one is working with. 3. Anonymity. Anonymity and bleakness were found to be useful. Open snugglees offer more elaborated information for the development of expertise and workforce effectiveness. Further, Garbett et al. (2007) add that the characteristic useful to ensure quality on 360-degree feedbacks is self-assessment based on critical reproach using an evidence-based framework of field expertise (Garbett, 2007).This method allow for prevent employees from mistakenly giving feedback to coworkers, and it should be based on observation of practice and experience in the past. The carrying out of 360-degree feedback has been widely used crossways the globe since its benefits to the every sector of management. Metcalfe (1998) and Swain et al (2004) says, The apprehension of 360-degree feedback has been extensively used, examined, and adapted in business and increasingly in healthcare as a developmental tool (As cited in Garbett et al. , 2007, p. 343). 10 steps to orchestrateing 360-degree feedbackChris Pearce (2007) suggests in that respect are ten steps to help companies conduct 360-degree appraisal ? Preparing for appraisal interviews. This step includes agree performance objectives and reviews that have been applied at any given times. ?Planning appraisals Imperative interviews held by the managem ent have to be relaxed and solemn will be cover on this step. ?Conducting appraisals The third step involves placing situation of the prolific substitutes thoughts, demonstrating the ability of comfort and prevention due to interruptions during the interview, and pioneering the basal regulation for appraisals and the concerns by appraisees. Reviewing achievements Next, this step explains about assessing appraisees accomplishment and detecting where the appraisees position. ?Sharing views on progress offering responses on appraisees accomplishment, ensuring appraisees aggrement on the responses, and creating the improvement if postulate are covered on this step. ?Considering ratings This step is concerned with add the appraisees doctrines by rating the conclusions before the brook result arrests up. ?Plans for improvementExpanding and accentuating the further progression of the failings must be applied in the conformity and confabulation should be involved in this step. ?Deal ing with development plans This step deals with sincerity and factuality that must be concerned with the appraisees objectives and profession ambition. ?Agreeing new objectives With regards to SMART which stands for specific, measurable, appropriate, realistic, and timed, appraisses goals and time pass should be involved in this step. ask for feedback In the run short step, questioning about appraisees responses to them, abridging the essential points of evaluation, and finishing with conclusion should be applied for the last action. Discussion Every country has been fascinated with Japanese diligence for decades and it became recognized as the worlds most competitive nation in the 1970s and 1980s. Nowadays, many small and big companies all over the world attempt to apply the Japanese dodge to their schema in every aspect of management.several(prenominal) experts explain why Japan can compete well to attract its target market albeit the contestation among the competing selle rs is high in the country. It is simply a distinctive approach to Japanese management has brought remarkable impact in todays practices such as pith quality and continuous improvement (Porter, Takeuchi, & Sakakibara, 2000). With regards to improvement initiatives, Pryor, White, and Toombs (1998) point out that performance appraisal is one of the strategical quality management tools which use continuous improvement as a strategic weapon (http//www. 12manage. com).In addition, Bracken and Timmreck (1999) also agree that performance evaluations are essential for developing managerial behaviors in every level that provide data in its strategic efforts when they say, As results of 360-degree feedback are used in confederation with HR systems, such as staffing, season planning, compensation, performance management and even, in some cases, downsizing (As cited in Treena L. Gillespie, 2005, p. 363). In establishing 360-degree feedback, I contemplate there is another aspect affects peopl es judgment relating to divergence feedbacks to coworkers.Coaching is one of the critical fragments of impact interpersonal relationship in conjunction with feedback results. Wright states, The instruct component in management is a two way street. There needs to be open communication in order for successful coaching to take place (Robert F. Wright, 2000). As such, I would like to accent that two-way interaction between subordinates and superiors is need in order to affect feedbacks and indeed, damp feedbacks will sacrifice better relationship.This component could cover deplorable communication conundrum which can lead to unpleasant feedbacks to employees inside an organization. Nowadays, big companies such as British Airways, AT&T, Alberto Culver North America, and General Electric are increasingly using 360-degree feedback (Huet-Cox, Nielsen, & Sundstrom, 1999). According to Evans (2001), using 360-degree feedback can potentially provide a fuller, more realistic picture o f the employees overall performance since every employee receives performance feedback from four sources the supervisors, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and self-ratings (Evans, 2001).Effective appraisals usually lead to better performances from appraisees, and feedabcks should be jointly solving problems as long appraisees always focus on the future not the past. Several characteristics of 360-degree feedback at firms may have considerable advantages of implementing TQM, and One survey showed that more than 20 per centum of firms are tying 360-degree appraisal instantaneously to their replete(p) Quality counsel efforts (Laabs, 1994, p. 17). Applying the 360-degree feedback compliments the implementation ofTQM in businesses since it has faster communication line (superiors to subordinates) and elementary system that meets customer needs and expectations. Glover (1993) argues that there is a five-stage implementation framework that could be applied in enterprises awareness, education, structural change, necessary activities, and outcomes or expected improvements (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 281). appropriate design of the 360-degree feedback will absolutely provide a strong basis for the path to successful TQM implementation.A systematic map such as ISO 9000 is the first-most effective way that can solve the quality problems in many businesses. Take for instance, the 360-degree feedback is used to measure the effectiveness of Just In Time (JIT) inventory system in plant department at heart company. Consequently, an integrated JIT inventory model generated through 360-degree system can minimize the sum of the ordering/ frame-up cost, holding cost, quality improvement, and crashing costs (Yang & Pan, 2004).Once those procedures have been established, the next step is to plan for improvement. If the need for change is highly needed, some methods suggested by Asher (1992) could encourage the renovation process of the implementation investig ating cost of quality, conducting customer perception surveys, collecting data on employees perceptions, and establishing system and procedure (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 289). This type of approach in context of management will escalate the job performance as it will result in improved productivity in workers.I agree with Wrights (2000) standpoint saying that 360-degree feedback can be seen as result-oriented concerned with focusing on the goals rather than the process (Robert F. Wright, 2000). More importantly, such a evaluation should lead the employees to work together attaining the companys goals, as Wright (2000) says, It is critical for a good manager to be more concerned with the results and less with the process of how those are achieved (Robert F. Wright, 2000, p. 363). As long as the process is performed well, managers should be more concerned about the results not necessarily the technique.With regards to labors skills, through evaluations management should encourage its workers give feedback about what needs to change and where to change, as Loup and Koller says, Listening and oration from the heart about what people think, feel, and recollect about the change will keep the change process moving forward (Loup & Koller, 2005, p. 77). As we can conclude, utilizing well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks as a performance appraisal is the managements responsibilities for introducing, applying, and maintaining the practice punctually once it has started.Some companies consider a 360-degree feedback and other appraisals are attributable to adverse quality, and ironically the process in implementing those techniques expect to be time-consuming and convey some negative perceptions to the management. Management should contemplate that the companys goals will not be successfully attained if employees do not notice whether or not they are performing well on their job as Senge (1990) concludes that nevertheless the primary threats to our survival today come not from events but from slow gradual processes to which we are 90 percent blind (Peter M.Senge, 1990). In conclusion, all the suggestions by experts above regarding quality improvements mostly explain the brilliance of the 360-degree feedback within companies. Therefore, 360-degree assessment can attend to the management on track and measure employees performance and leadership which could contribute to overall organization performance (Marcie Levine, 2003). Finally, if the 360-degree appraisal is not applied soon, I believe companies will experience a problem which can be looming ahead for the company itself in the days to come. References Angelucci, Patricia. 2000). Cultural diversity health belief systems. Nursing Management journal, 7-8. Brutus, Stephane et al. (2006). Internationalization of multi-source feedback systems a six-country exploratory synopsis of 360- degree feedback. International Journal of forgiving Resource Management, 1888-1906. Evans, A. (200 1). From every angle. Training, 38 (9), 22. Garbett, Robert. (2007). Developing a qualitative approach to 360-degree feedback to aid understanding and development of clinical expertise. Journal of Nursing Management, 342-347. Gillespie, Treena L. (2005).Internationalizing 360-degree feedback are subordinate ratings alike(p)? Journal of Business and Psychology, 361-382. hands of people to effect change. Organizational Development Journal, 23(3), 73-81. Huet-Cox, G. D. , Nielsen T. M. , & Sundstrom, E. (1999, May). Get the most from 360-degree feedback indue it on the internet. HR Magazine, 92-103. Laabs, J. J. (1994). TQM Efforts to Rewards. Personnel Journal, 17. Law, David R. (2007). valuate performance appraisals a critical look at an orthogonal control management technique. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 35-47.Levine, Marcie. (2003). 3600 assessments-where do I start? Survey Connect Inc, 1-4. Loup, R. , & Koller, R. (2005). The road to commitment Capturing the head , hearts and Pearce, Chris. (2007). Ten steps to conducting appraisals. Nursing Management Journal, 21. Porter, Michael E. , Takeuchi, Hirotaka & Sakakibara, Mariko. (2000). Can Japan compete? Cambridge Perseus Publishing. Pryor, Mildred G. , White, J. Chris & Toombs, Leslie A. (1998). Strategic Quality Management. Thomson Learning. Senge, Peter M. (1990). The fifth discipline The art & practice of the learning organization (1st ed. . bran-new York Doubleday. Wright, Robert F. (2000). Strategies for avoiding the micro management trap. Journal of Management Decision, 362-364. Yang, Jin-Shan, & Pan, Jason Chao-Hsien. (2004). Just-in-time purchasing an integrated inventory model involving deterministic variable lead time and quality improvement investment. International Journal of Production Research, 853-863. Yusof, Shari Mohd & Aspinwall, Elaine. (2000). Total quality management implementation frameworks comparison and review. Journal of Total Quality Management, 281-294. www. 12m anage. com www. performanceprograms. com360 Degree FeedbackAbstract As todays businesses continue to expand, workers are expected to perform well on their jobs. This is what truly happened to management who has a tendency to measure how well they are doing on their job. The job done in a certain period of time is frequently evaluated by performance appraisal. Performance appraisals lead to enhancing employees performance, internal communication (relationship), and quality improvements as well.Some experts argue that formal performance appraisal is somewhat useless and many of them contemplate performance appraisals can be detrimental to quality improvement and convey some negative perceptions to the management (David Law, 2007). Albeit many professionals pointed out disadvantages associated with using performance appraisal, I contemplate that its benefits outweigh drawbacks. As such, a 360-degree feedback is one of the numerous examples of performance evaluation methods.Performance appraisals can be used to measure ones job performance with feedback from subordinates, peers, and managers in the organization, so that everyone in the particular organization knows what and where he or she needs to improve. In addition, well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks lead to positive changes in workers job satisfaction and enhance the companys effort to attain its own interest.The stable encouragement of the effects of performance appraisal has a variety of short-term and long-term consequences including improved job performance, harmonious interpersonal relationships (superiors and subordinates), and as well as advanced quality management (continuous improvement) within organizations. History The 360-degree feedback was initially used by the U. S. Armed Forces to support development of its staff in the 1940s. Later on Clark Wilson from the University of Bridgeport (Connecticut) developed the first 360-degree feedback survey instruments for management development and it has b een used and studied since 1973 (www. erformanceprograms. com). Valuable factors A 360-degree feedback offers a variety of remarkably potential benefits. According to Stephane Brutus et al. (2006), all of the following benefits have been applied to six different countries in distinct functions, such as accounting, finance, manufacturing, and many other primary departments. Individuals get a broader perspective of how they are perceived by others than previously possible. It indicates that awareness of and relevance of competencies in workers psyche will continue to increase over time.At this point, management should be aware that they too have development needs that are crucial for the whole organization. Once this step has been applied, employees would next give more reliable feedback to managers about their performance. I believe this method could be seen as a win-win situation which is beneficial for both workers and management. Encouraging more open feedback new insights. It in dicates that reinforcing the desired competencies of the business requires a clearer picture to senior management of individuals real worth.A 360-degree feedback clarifies the employees critical performance aspects because open feedback gives people a more rounded view of performance than they had previously. Identifying key development areas for the individual, a department and the organization as a whole. Individuals strengths can be used to the best advantage of the business. A rounded view of the individuals/ teams/ organizations performance determines appropriately strengths and weaknesses in business environment.Therefore, the self-awareness of managers will have personally impact upon subordinates. Supporting a climate of continuous improvement. Starting to improve the climate/ morale will be measured through the survey. Management should focus on agenda and discuss for development based upon the collected 360-degree feedback. Goals and objectives of 360-degree feedback Apply ing 360-feedback requires that both recipients and reviewers are involved in confidential feedback. The negative effect of transparent feedback can negatively affected by emotions and peer conflicts.This issue can lead to impaired job performance and adverse interpersonal relationship among the employees. Patricia Angelucci (2000) states the desired objectives of a 360-degree feedback are increasing professional accountability, motivating staff, and increasing employee morale and satisfaction (Angelucci, 2000). Importantly, she claims that 360-degree appraisal given to employees provides for constructive feedback and employee recognition by objectively measuring performance, and gives the employee the responsibility to contribute information (Patricia Angelucci, 2000).It is clear that using 360-degree feedback can necessarily improve labors job performance as long the evaluations are delivered honestly, openly, and objectively to the targets in every aspect of management including s uperiors and subordinates. Process of 360-feedback Robert Garbett et al. (2007) suggest several recommendations to optimize the usefulness of the process in preparing 360-degree feedback 1. Thorough preparation. It is remarkably crucial to all members involved about the purpose and criteria used to identify role set members.Preparation indicates key to achieve successfulness in implementing 360-degree appraisal. 2. Suitability. Methods used in gathering information need to reflect what is convenient and appropriate to the colleagues one is working with. 3. Anonymity. Anonymity and openness were found to be useful. Open approaches offer more detailed information for the development of expertise and workforce effectiveness. Further, Garbett et al. (2007) add that the characteristic useful to ensure quality on 360-degree feedbacks is self-assessment based on critical reflection using an evidence-based framework of field expertise (Garbett, 2007).This method will prevent employees from mistakenly giving feedback to coworkers, and it should be based on observation of practice and experience in the past. The implementation of 360-degree feedback has been widely used across the globe since its benefits to the every sector of management. Metcalfe (1998) and Swain et al (2004) says, The concept of 360-degree feedback has been extensively used, examined, and adapted in business and increasingly in healthcare as a developmental tool (As cited in Garbett et al. , 2007, p. 343). Ten steps to conducting 360-degree feedbackChris Pearce (2007) suggests there are ten steps to help companies conduct 360-degree appraisal ? Preparing for appraisal interviews. This step includes agreed performance objectives and reviews that have been applied at any given times. ?Planning appraisals Imperative interviews held by the management have to be relaxed and solemn will be covered on this step. ?Conducting appraisals The third step involves placing situation of the prolific substitutes tho ughts, demonstrating the ability of comfort and prevention due to interruptions during the interview, and pioneering the basic regulation for appraisals and the concerns by appraisees. Reviewing achievements Next, this step explains about assessing appraisees accomplishment and detecting where the appraisees position. ?Sharing views on progress Offering responses on appraisees accomplishment, ensuring appraisees aggrement on the responses, and creating the improvement if needed are covered on this step. ?Considering ratings This step is concerned with contributing the appraisees beliefs by rating the conclusions before the last result comes up. ?Plans for improvementExpanding and accentuating the further progression of the failings must be applied in the conformity and conversation should be involved in this step. ?Dealing with development plans This step deals with sincerity and factuality that must be concerned with the appraisees objectives and profession ambition. ?Agreeing new objectives With regards to SMART which stands for specific, measurable, appropriate, realistic, and timed, appraisses goals and time spent should be involved in this step. Asking for feedback In the last step, questioning about appraisees responses to them, abridging the essential points of evaluation, and ending with conclusion should be applied for the last action. Discussion Every country has been fascinated with Japanese industry for decades and it became recognized as the worlds most competitive nation in the 1970s and 1980s. Nowadays, many small and big companies all over the world attempt to apply the Japanese system to their system in every aspect of management.Several experts explain why Japan can compete well to attract its target market albeit the rivalry among the competing sellers is high in the country. It is simply a distinctive approach to Japanese management has brought remarkable impact in todays practices such as total quality and continuous improvement (Porter, T akeuchi, & Sakakibara, 2000). With regards to improvement initiatives, Pryor, White, and Toombs (1998) point out that performance appraisal is one of the strategic quality management tools which use continuous improvement as a strategic weapon (http//www. 12manage. com).In addition, Bracken and Timmreck (1999) also agree that performance evaluations are essential for developing managerial behaviors in every level that provide data in its strategic efforts when they say, As results of 360-degree feedback are used in conjunction with HR systems, such as staffing, succession planning, compensation, performance management and even, in some cases, downsizing (As cited in Treena L. Gillespie, 2005, p. 363). In establishing 360-degree feedback, I contemplate there is another aspect affects peoples judgment relating to leaving feedbacks to coworkers.Coaching is one of the critical components of stimulating interpersonal relationship in conjunction with feedback results. Wright states, The c oaching component in management is a two way street. There needs to be open communication in order for successful coaching to take place (Robert F. Wright, 2000). As such, I would like to emphasize that two-way interaction between subordinates and superiors is required in order to affect feedbacks and indeed, better feedbacks will generate better relationship.This component could cover poor communication problem which can lead to unpleasant feedbacks to employees within an organization. Nowadays, big companies such as British Airways, AT&T, Alberto Culver North America, and General Electric are increasingly using 360-degree feedback (Huet-Cox, Nielsen, & Sundstrom, 1999). According to Evans (2001), using 360-degree feedback can potentially provide a fuller, more realistic picture of the employees overall performance since every employee receives performance feedback from four sources the supervisors, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and self-ratings (Evans, 2001).Effective apprais als usually lead to better performances from appraisees, and feedabcks should be jointly solving problems as long appraisees always focus on the future not the past. Several characteristics of 360-degree feedback at firms may have considerable advantages of implementing TQM, and One survey showed that more than 20 percent of firms are tying 360-degree appraisal directly to their Total Quality Management efforts (Laabs, 1994, p. 17). Applying the 360-degree feedback compliments the implementation ofTQM in businesses since it has faster communication line (superiors to subordinates) and uncomplicated system that meets customer needs and expectations. Glover (1993) argues that there is a five-stage implementation framework that could be applied in enterprises awareness, education, structural change, necessary activities, and outcomes or expected improvements (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 281). Appropriate design of the 360-degree feedback will absolutely provide a strong bas is for the path to successful TQM implementation.A systematic procedure such as ISO 9000 is the first-most effective way that can solve the quality problems in many businesses. Take for instance, the 360-degree feedback is used to measure the effectiveness of Just In Time (JIT) inventory system in plant department within company. Consequently, an integrated JIT inventory model generated through 360-degree system can minimize the sum of the ordering/ setup cost, holding cost, quality improvement, and crashing costs (Yang & Pan, 2004).Once those procedures have been established, the next step is to plan for improvement. If the need for change is highly needed, some methods suggested by Asher (1992) could encourage the renovation process of the implementation investigating cost of quality, conducting customer perception surveys, collecting data on employees perceptions, and establishing system and procedure (as cited in Yusof & Aspinwall, 2000, p. 289). This type of approach in context of management will escalate the job performance as it will result in improved productivity in workers.I agree with Wrights (2000) standpoint saying that 360-degree feedback can be seen as result-oriented concerned with focusing on the goals rather than the process (Robert F. Wright, 2000). More importantly, such a evaluation should lead the employees to work together attaining the companys goals, as Wright (2000) says, It is critical for a good manager to be more concerned with the results and less with the process of how those are achieved (Robert F. Wright, 2000, p. 363). As long as the process is performed well, managers should be more concerned about the results not necessarily the technique.With regards to labors skills, through evaluations management should encourage its workers give feedback about what needs to change and where to change, as Loup and Koller says, Listening and speaking from the heart about what people think, feel, and believe about the change will keep the c hange process moving forward (Loup & Koller, 2005, p. 77). As we can conclude, utilizing well-scheduled 360-degree feedbacks as a performance appraisal is the managements responsibilities for introducing, applying, and maintaining the practice punctually once it has started.Some companies consider a 360-degree feedback and other appraisals are attributable to adverse quality, and ironically the process in implementing those techniques seem to be time-consuming and convey some negative perceptions to the management. Management should contemplate that the companys goals will not be successfully attained if employees do not notice whether or not they are performing well on their job as Senge (1990) concludes that yet the primary threats to our survival today come not from events but from slow gradual processes to which we are 90 percent blind (Peter M.Senge, 1990). In conclusion, all the suggestions by experts above regarding quality improvements mostly explain the importance of the 36 0-degree feedback within companies. Therefore, 360-degree assessment can assist the management on track and measure employees performance and leadership which could contribute to overall organization performance (Marcie Levine, 2003). Finally, if the 360-degree appraisal is not applied soon, I believe companies will experience a problem which can be looming ahead for the company itself in the years to come. References Angelucci, Patricia. 2000). Cultural diversity health belief systems. 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