6 Seperate 1 page Reading Summaries Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

6 Seperate 1 page Reading Summaries - Article Example The author attempts to prove this point by examining the available literature on the topic. This begins with a lengthy quote from Hobbes in which it is argued that virtues and vices are a product of â€Å"the different constitution of the body and partly from different education† (445). As the author points out from this passage, Hobbes held that the primary motivation for the development of these vices or virtues was a man’s desires or passions. Other thinkers examined include Ralph Waldo Emerson, who suggests that the lazy man simply accepts what comes his way while the man with passion will seek to discover the truth, and John Dewey, who explores the concept of ‘reflective thinking.’ To conclude her argument, Zebzewski suggests that there isn’t a significant difference between the concepts of intellectual virtue or moral virtue because they both tend to lead one in the same direction. Actions, thoughts and behavior all tend to run along the same lines. There is a distinction, though, between ‘virtues that lead to certainty’ as compared with ‘virtues that lead to understanding’ as what it takes to know something is definitely true is not typically the same thing as figuring out what it takes to understand something as it is – the sum is not always equal to the parts. Stewart Cohen, in his article â€Å"Contextualist Solutions to Epistemological Problems: Scepticism, Gettier and the Lottery,† argues against previous claims made by David Lewis regarding solutions to the three epistemological problems listed in the title. Cohen’s main contention is that Lewis’s contextual approach to these problems, in which he applies â€Å"certain mechanisms of context-sensitivity – what he calls ‘rules of relevance’† (706), overreaches it bounds and is therefore not able to solve the Gettier problem. To make his