Attitude Reflects Leadership

A leader is someone who is held to high standards and is looked upon to make decisions of his or her followers. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a perfect leader because of the many attributes he demonstrated as President of the United States. He led this country through moments in history which consist of the Great Depression and World War II. There are six main qualities that define a good leader. President Franklin D. Roosevelt demonstrated such honorable qualities which brought America out of a desperate crisis changing America forever.Integrity is a quality that a leader must establish. A person with integrity has the same integrity on the outside as they do on the inside. Such an individual can be trusted because he or she never veers from inner values, even when it might be expeditious to do so. FDR articulated this quality when he strived to entrust the American people through his fireside chats. It was then that he confided in the American people as to the burdens during the Gr eat Depression and his plan to make a better America.Dedication is another quality that determines the value of a leader. To accomplish this, a leader will spend dedicated time and energy necessary to successfully complete the task at hand. Dedication goes beyond the call of duty of what is expected of you. FDR was composed of this quality. He always sought to help the American people by giving them a chance to get some money in their pockets and get employment to help solve the Great Depression.Roosevelt made a New Deal in which he made corporations and laws that helped give people jobs and become financially stable. An example of this was when the Works Progress Administration (WPA) employed people to do artistic, public works and research projects. This New Deal showed that FDR was dedicated to making our country one of equal opportunity and an all-around better place to live.The openness of a leader is a strong quality which attributes to listening to new ideas even if they do n ot conform to the usual way of thinking. FDR was able to suspend judgment of others and welcome their ideas. He related to other people and sympathized with the tough time of their day-to-day  lives. He understood what the American people valued and worked hard to develop new laws helping to put an end to the Great Depression.Creativity is the ability to think differently and to go outside the box to make solutions. Roosevelt was filled with this gifted quality. He always developed new solutions and laws that would contribute to not only more jobs for the people but jobs that would help the environment as well.Assertiveness is the ability to clearly state what one expects so that there will be no misunderstandings. Along with assertiveness comes the responsibility to clearly understand what followers expect from their leader. FDR clearly had this through doing things in a timely and efficient manner. FDR was the most active and proficient President in his first 100 days in office. He worked diligently on the New Deal in order to give people new jobs to recover from debt and the Great Depression. It was the strong quality of assertiveness that led the country to a clear understanding of our President’s tactics.The final quality of leader is a sense of humor which is vital to relieving tension as well as to defuse hostility, therefore, maintaining a level of harmony. Effective leaders know how to energize their followers. Humor is a form of power that provides control over the working environment. FDR had a great sense of humor always talking to people and always putting a smile on his face to let America know even in the toughest times, he can still laugh and be happy. This left people with a positive sense of hope in their President. One reporter Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. is reported to have said â€Å"Roosevelt has a second class intellect but a first class personality (Bennett, 156).†The nature of the time and the obstacles a leader might fac e during FDR’s 12 years in office was a Great Depression. A time whereby most of the entire country was hurting from another World War, which people were against. This combined was a tough enough job to conquer let alone the everyday obstacles a President faces while in the White House. These times were the hardest that any US President might ever have faced. The leadership qualities that I have explained resulted in the success of our 32nd President FDR. It was these qualities that gave him the strength, character and leadership to be one of the greatest Presidents to have ever led our country. Roosevelt was a man of  sold effort and who welcomed and invited challenges.Two of his biggest challenges were the Great Depression and World War II. His divine qualities led our country out of these catastrophic events bringing America to the great country that it is today. Roosevelt ultimately saved capitalism through his economic reforms. His regulations of economic affairs intro duced the government into many areas of new life. The New Deal was the new life that was breathed into Congress which brought about new jobs and money for the people. Roosevelt’s enthusiasm for his programs led him to be a sense or peace for the people of the country. Although his New Deal was not the biggest utility to help the Great Depression, it did help psychologically by giving the American people the feeling that everything was going to be alright.It gave the people hope that our country would survive through distraught times. In 1937 an economic depression was reversed to a recession. James MacGregor Burns put it as â€Å"luck came to save FDR (Bennett, 201).† It was in fact the truth as the New Deal did not form this recession. Ultimately the war in Europe gave American business new markets, making the United States as Roosevelt puts it the â€Å"great arsenal of democracy (Updegrove, 56).† The war opened up jobs for men and women, African Americans, an d other minorities. Even though we were just giving aid to our Allies Britain and were for a policy of isolationism, it still produced more jobs because we had troops going to war and giving other Americans opportunities.On December 7, 1941 the Japanese changed that with the bombing of Pearl Harbor and America declared war on the Japanese opening up even more jobs because more and more troops were being sent over to go fight for our country. During the war, Roosevelt took his role as commander in chief very seriously involving him in military planning and sometimes overriding the opinions of joint chiefs. He kept the same men at the top of the command structure from the beginning of the war to its end. His performance during the war, overall aided the war. His political awareness kept up the morale of the American people. FDR is typically portrayed as an isolationist and a belligerent being pushed into the war.A combination of him not wanting to be in the war and him wanting to be i n the war is what made this a strategic approach to the war itself. Although his actions seemed to draw the United States into deeper involvement in the war, FDR continued to pursue his goal of keeping the United States out of conflict.  Rather than dissembling, Roosevelt charted a steady and rational approach based on his strategic perspective. His approach toward the war blended the isolationist view with his desire to keep out of European conflicts with active efforts to overthrow Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regiment.Once the war started FDR wanted to influence the outcome of the war so he and his administration thought they could cause Germany to collapse themselves to lead to their demise as well as Hitler’s. FDR realized that he could not make the same mistake of Woodrow Wilson and declare the country neutral. Instead, he and deliberately pursued opportunities to aid the French and British with ammunitions, aircraft and supplies. During the late 1930s the Roosevelt admi nistration envisioned Germany’s power as extremely diminutive and its people under abuse with several years of full mobilization.These beliefs caused the outbreak of the war and these conditions were comparable to those of the First World War. In 1940, FDR predicted that â€Å"there will be a revolution in Germany itself (McPherson 226).† This prediction that helped save the American people from both the Great Depression and World War II was absolutely remarkable. Overall, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a man of integrity, dedication, openness, creativity, assertiveness, and a light sense of humor. These qualities are what made him an intelligent, respected leader of the American people. Without the guidance of President Roosevelt, United States history may have been changed.His dedication led this country out of the Great Depression and a hideous Second World War. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is a true human symbol of what the United States stands for and believes in as a leader of our country. Many Presidents recite in their Presidential Inauguration Speech that they will perform their job as president to the â€Å"best of their ability (McPherson 1).† President Roosevelt did indeed perform to the best of his ability and led America out of a time of despair through his exquisite qualities of devout leadership.

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay

You are working as a human service worker at a local United Way agency that serves several multicultural clients. In addition to the multicultural aspect, the agency also serves children, women, the elderly, and the homeless. Your manager has asked you to decide the best communication approach for each of these clients. About the Clients In the human services profession it is becoming increasingly more important to know and understand the different cultures and their beliefs. When it comes to communicating effectively with people from different cultures, it can be of great help if you first understand the social and psychological forces that drive their verbal and non-verbal behavior. It is important to encompass skills like warmth, authenticity, empathy, permissiveness, and acceptance. Effective Strategies and Techniques Empathy refers to the ability to understand someone else’s point of view and ideas. When a client feels understood, and they think you are more understanding to their point of view, they are more likely to accept and listen to new ideas. Being genuine is the expression of true feelings. Being genuine can be of big usefulness to people in the human services industry. It is important to also be objective. Seeing things from an outside point of view can help the human services worker to be subjective. Self-awareness is the quality of knowing oneself. This can help to convey one’s values, feeling’s, attitudes, and beliefs. Acceptance is an important tool because it shows the clients you believe their beliefs are worthy of consideration. Multi-Cultural Awareness When working in the human services industry it is important to have  awareness of other cultures and their practices. Clients will be more accepting of good or bad news if they feel like they are at least being understood, and being treated fairly. Culture shapes a person’s life from their beliefs and values, to their preferences and attitudes. Understanding a person’s cultural background and beliefs can help you to more effectively communicate the what, why’s, and how’s of thing’s work. It can help you to better communicate what can and cannot be done to help them in their given circumstances.

Romeo and Juliet Act 3 Scene 5

Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet are from two prominent and feuding families who reside in the city of Verona, a real city in northern Italy. As far as the audience are aware, they are their parents’ only offspring, the only other ‘children’ in the family are Benvolio and Tybalt, cousins to Romeo and Juliet respectively.As only children, their parents are naturally protective of them – Juliet’s father, especially. Towards the beginning of the play, in Act 1, Scene 2, Paris asks Capulet for permission to marry his daughter. In Elizabethan times (when the play was written and performed), it was the job of the father to give away the daughter, as if she were a present or his property, rather than her own person.Rather than just give away his daughter to Paris, a young nobleman, kinsman to the prince, and someone who would be seen as a ‘good catch’ for a husband, he tells him: ‘But going o’er what I have said before, My child i s yet a stranger in the world, She hath not seen the change of fourteen years, Let two more summers wither in their pride, Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride’ From this speech that Capulet is protective of his daughter, and whilst he wants her to marry a fine man (she tells Paris to come back in two years), he doesn’t want her to grow up too quickly.It would appear that he has her best interests at heart. In the following scene, we first see the relationships between Juliet and her nurse and mother. Her mother seems somewhat out of touch with her daughter, having to ask the nurse to find her†¦ (‘Nurse, where’s my daughter? Call her forth to me’) and doesn’t seem to be able to talk to her daughter, other than through the nurse or in her presence ‘This is the matter:–Nurse, give leave a while, We must talk in secret:–nurse, come back again; I have remember'd me, thou's hear our counsel.Thou know'st my daughter's of a pretty age.. ’ However, she does appear to have some consideration for her daughter’s feelings and wishes, as she asks her what she thinks of marrying the nobleman, and to start thinking about marriage; she also makes her speech a little more personal by putting in some of her own experience (that she was a mother at the age her daughter now is): ‘Well, think of marriage now; younger than you, Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, Are made already mothers: by my ount, I was your mother much upon these years’ Whereas Juliet seems to respect her mother (first referring to her as ‘Madam’ rather than, perhaps, mum or Mother), she seems to be more at ease talking to her nurse . It would appear that Juliet and her nurse have always been close†¦ even to the point of the nurse taking over the traditional mother’s job of breastfeeding her child.She makes a reference to this in the same scene: ‘And she was wean'd,–I never shall f orget it,–Of all the days of the year, upon that day: For I had then laid wormwood to my dug,’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhen it did taste the wormwood on the nipple Of my dug and felt it bitter, pretty fool, To see it tetchy and fall out with the dug! ’ Above, the nurse talks of breastfeeding Juliet. This is, of course, very unusual in this day and age, but not quite unheard of in Elizabethan times. The fond fashion in which the nurse remembers this, however, seem to indicate that Juliet and the nurse have a strong relationship.The fact that she was breast-fed by her nurse rather than her biological mother hints that perhaps the nurse was (and is? ) more of a mother to her than Lady Capulet. The nurse also seems friendlier than Lady Capulet – by saying things such as ‘Amen, young lady! Lady, such a man as all the world – why, he's a man of wax’ and‘ Go, girl, seek happy nights to happy days’, she seems to be more excited about Parisâ €™s proposition than Lady Capulet. Act 3, scene 5 in some ways seems a distorted reflection of Act 1, scenes 2 and 3.Capulet has arranged to marry Juliet off to Paris, and once again it is Lady Capulet that has the job of telling her. However, the Capulets’ stances on Juliet regarding marriage have changed. Instead of wanting to protect his daughter from an early marriage, Capulet is now the one trying to rush her into it. Likewise, her mother, rather than asking Juliet for her thoughts on the matter, is telling her what is Going to happen. Juliet has just spent her wedding night with her beloved and now husband, Romeo. He has been banished to the city of Mantua for avenging the murder of his friend Mercutio.The scene starts on quite tense grounds, as Juliet has almost been caught with her lover, who is a sworn enemy of her family and faces execution if found in Verona. Simply Romeo being in the house is enough to create some tension – that Juliet is crying heighte ns this tension. Juliet’s mother shows herself to be a little insensitive by effectively telling her daughter that crying isn’t going to bring anyone back, and that it shows her to be a bit stupid: ‘Therefore, have done: some grief shows much of love;But much of grief shows still some want of wit. Lady Capulet then shows her ignorance of Juliet's marriage and feelings for Romeo by telling Juliet not to weep for Tybalt’s death, but that Romeo lives. Romeo is referred to as the ‘villain’ several times – this adds emphasis to the fact that the Capulets see Romeo as a bad person. Juliet mutters, aside to the audience, that she believes that Romeo and ‘villain’ are ‘many miles asunder’. This confirms to the audience that Juliet and her mother have opposing views. Lady Capulet continues, calling Romeo a ‘traitor murderer’ and threatens to send someone to Mantua to murder Romeo.The audience do not want to see Romeo be murdered, now that they can see how in love he and Juliet are. Shakespeare then very cleverly crafts a speech for Juliet that has dual meaning. ‘Indeed, I never shall be satisfied With Romeo, till I behold him–dead– Is my poor heart for a kinsman vex'd. Madam, if you could find out but a manTo bear a poison, I would temper it;That Romeo should, upon receipt thereof,Soon sleep in quiet. O, how my heart abhors To hear him named, and cannot come to him.To wreak the love I bore my cousin Upon his body that slaughter'd him! ’ The punctuation at the beginning can be altered to sound differently to the audience than Lady Capulet would hear it. It could be read ‘Indeed, I never shall be satisfied with Romeo, till I behold him, dead – [dead] is my poor heart for a kinsman vex’d’,where the kinsman is the slaughtered Tybalt†¦ or ‘Indeed, I never shall be satisfied with Romeo, till I behold him. Dead is my poor heart †¦a kinsman vex’d’†¦ where Romeo isn’t dead, just a kinsman (husband) vexed (in distress).She says that if she could find a poison that would let Romeo ‘sleep in quiet’, she would temper it. Whereas Lady Capulet would see this as her daughter wanting to poison Romeo and kill him, the audience may take it as her wanting to take Romeo’s troubles (i. e. their separation) away so that he can sleep peacefully at night. More observant members of the audience may also link this to the ending of the play, where Juliet temporarily poisons herself in an effort to solve her and Romeo’s problems. When Juliet says that her ‘heart abhors to hear him named, and cannot come to him.To wreak the love [she] bore [her] cousin upon his body that slaughter’d him’, her mother takes this as not being able to lay her hands upon him†¦ but the audience obviously realises that she means that it hurts her to hear his name and not be able to be with him†¦ perhaps even to get sexual gratification out of him. The audiences may well be shocked by these lusts that are well beyond her years – remember that she is only 13. The tension at this point would be building, as Juliet is playing a dangerous game by playing with her words like this.The indication that Juliet wants to ‘wreak her love upon him’ may also have been quite shocking†¦ audiences of the time would not have been so exposed to such blatant references to sins of the flesh. When Lady Capulet declares that Juliet’s father has arranged a marriage for her in a few days, the audience may feel a quick dropping sensation in their stomachs – for they know that Juliet is already married – and therefore cannot marry Paris – and that this means that the secret marriage between Juliet and her Romeo may be discovered.She also once again shows her ignorance of Juliet’s true feelings by being under the impression that the marriage will cheer Juliet up – not make her problems worse. She uses repetition of the word ‘joy’ here to emphasise what she presumes Juliet should be feeling. Juliet strikes back by saying: ‘Now, by Saint Peter's Church and Peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride. I wonder at this haste; that I must wed Ere he, that should be husband, comes to woo.I pray you, tell my lord and father, madam, I will not marry yet; and, when I do, I swear, It shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, Rather than Paris. These are news indeed! ’ Juliet swears by Saint Peters Church and Peter too’ – Elizabethan audience wouldfind this blasphemous and shocking. She also throws her mother’s term ‘a joyfulbride’ back at her, and questions her parents wishes by saying to the effect of ‘I’mwondering about you’re wish to marry me off to someone who hasn’t even botheredto court me’ †¦ then downright defies them by saying that ‘I will not marry yet’.In Elizabethan times, daughters were seen as their parents’ (and especially father’s)property, so it would have been seen within Capulet’s rights (if, perhaps, a little unfair) to ‘give away’ his daughter. The last three lines of the dialogue are broken up strategically with commas, which drag out the speech and make it seem much more powerful and effective than if it was read without these breaks. The whole speech, whilst not quite being disrespectful, is defiant and directly challenges Juliet’s parents’ wishes.The audience will feel now as if the tension is coming to a peak, as society absolutely demanded that children abided by their parent’s wishes, and that even though the marriage can’t go ahead, Juliet will be punished for trying to prevent it. When Capulet enters, he appears in a fine mood, but this soon changes when his wife inf orms him of their daughter’s wishes. She says that she wishes ‘the fool were married to her grave’†¦ this is the first sign of the rift created between Juliet (the younger generation) and her parents (the older generation).Capulet enquires of Juliet's motives for not marrying Paris with the following ‘Soft! take me with you, take me with you, wife. How! will she none? doth she not give us thanks? Is she not proud? doth she not count her blest,Unworthy as she is, that we have wrought So worthy a gentleman to be her bridegroom? ’ Here, Capulet shows his apparent displeasure that Juliet isn’t thankful for her father’s arranging of this marriage – saying that she should be proud and count herself as blessed – this shows Juliet and her father’s relationship as starting to waver.He also says that Paris is ‘so worthy a gentleman’, but that she is ‘unworthy’†¦ indicating, perhaps, that he gives Paris more credit than his daughter. This shows the audience something about their true relationship and how much he values her. Bear in mind his conversation with Paris in act 1, scene 2 – where Capulet was protective of his daughter, and talked of her more like a person – whereas now he is ‘giving her away’ as if she were property. ‘Not proud, you have; but thankful, that you have: Proud can I never be of what I hate; But thankful even for hate, that is meant love. As we can see, Juliet's relationship towards her father is quite different. Even though she can’t like that he's arranged a marriage for her, she still respects him and is thankful that he has arranged a wedding for her in an attempt to cheer her up –because it was meant well. This makes Juliet, the child in this scene, seem instantlyvmore likeable to the audience – which makes anyone who tries to hurt Juliet seemless likeable. From the following person onward s, this person is Capulet: ‘How now, how now, chop-logic!What is this? ‘Proud,' and ‘I thank you,' and ‘I thank you not;' And yet ‘not proud,' mistress minion, you,Thank me no thankings, nor, proud me no prouds, But fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next,To go with Paris to Saint Peter's Church,Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. Out, you green-sickness carrion! out, you baggage! You tallow-face! ’ Capulet now starts verbally assaulting his daughter, due to her not wishing to have amarriage to a man she does not know forced upon her.After calling her illogical, hethrows her own words back in her face, mocking her, telling her not to bother thanking him but just to be ready to marry Paris – because he will drag her to the church regardless. He finishes by aggressively insulting her. The way Shakespeare chooses to rapidly change Capulet’s mood like this makesCapulet appear volatile and dangerous. The audience by this point in the play havealready grown to side and empathise with Juliet, so they will oppose anything thatthreatens her. As with Juliet’s speech, the punctuation drags out the long sentences in this block of dialogue, and makes it more powerful.The speech also starts in the iambic pentameter, which follows the rhythmic beating of your heart, but then goes outslightly towards the end†¦ this can be seen to show that Capulet is getting more and more worked up in his determination to control his daughter and starting to lose control. Shakespeare also uses direct address (‘mistress minion, you’) to make the speech seem more direct and focused; asyndetic listing to make his list of words to throwback at Juliet appear longer; poetic word-play to make the speech more interesting; fricative alliteration, and violent verbs such as ‘drag’ to make the speech more powerful.Until this point it seems that there may be a chance for Juliet to brush the wedding as ide and perhaps convince her parents to like Romeo – however, after this, there seems to be very little chance of that happening. The tenseness in the audience shifts from the state of Romeo and Juliet’s marriage to concern for Juliet’s welfare . After this outburst, Lady Capulet asks her husband if she is mad – although she doesn’t appear much of a mother, this may suggest that she holds her only daughter in higher regard than her husband does.It seems that perhaps this relationship isn’t quite as bad as it previously appeared. However, by trying to calm her husband, she may anger him further – this, coupled with the knowledge that Lady Capulet too thinks that this is perhaps getting a little out of hand, creates yet more tension. ‘Good father, I beseech you on my knees, Hear me with patience but to speak a word. ’ [She kneels down]’ Juliet now pleads with her father on her knees. The audience really feel the tens ion now, as it seems that the relationship between Juliet and her father are coming to the point of no return.Kneeling down is also a very dramatic and meaningful gesture -she is putting herself at her father’s mercy. ‘Hang thee, young baggage! disobedient wretch! I tell thee what: get thee to church o' Thursday,Or never after look me in the face:Speak not, reply not, do not answer me;My fingers itch. Wife, we scarce thought us blest That God had lent us but this only child; But now I see this one is one too much, And that we have a curse in having her:Out on her, hilding! ’ It is at this point that Capulet really loses control. At this point the audience may startwondering how far Capulet will go.He makes references to her being killed (‘hangthee’), calls her a ‘disobedient wretch’, and directly threatens her – warning her never to look him in the face again if she isn’t at the church to marry Paris on Thursday. Heends by ordering her to be quiet – repetition of imperative commands are used here for emphasis. He also goes as far as saying that he wishes she had never been born – a shocking thing for him to say at his child. After Juliet has put herself at her fathers mercy by kneeling at his feet, to be cursed in such a manner is obviously a huge shock to the audience, and the tension is beginning to peak.Tension has been sustained for quite a long period of time now, and the audience will most likely be on the edges of their seats in anticipation for what will happen to Juliet and how this squabble will be resolved. Luckily, at this peak, the nurse decides to join the quarrel, siding with Juliet, whom it was mentioned that she was close to earlier. She stands up to her employer on Juliet’s behalf, and tells him that he is the one in the wrong: ‘God in heaven bless her! You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so. The nurse feels that defending Juliet, who is essentially just a girl she is employed to mind, is worth losing her job, tells us a lot about how strongly the nurse feels about this girl. Capulet then tells the nurse to be quiet, and dismisses her as a gossiper. The nurse changes tactics slightly and becomes more polite and diplomatic, saying that she‘speaks no treason’ and asks him politely for permission to talk (‘may not onespeak? ’). Capulet, however, is still in a foul mood, so calls her a ‘mumbling fool’ andtells her to be quiet.Lady Capulet, whilst not being on Juliet’s ‘side’, speaks in her favour as she tellsCapulet that he is being ‘too hot’ – showing that even though her husband’s word islaw, she still cares somewhat about her daughter. There is more relationship-relatedfriction, as now Lady Capulet puts herself in danger of antagonising her husband. Whilst this isn’t friction between adults and children, it is still tension that theaudience may feel. Capulet then dives into his most intense, aggressive and fuelled speech – or,perhaps more appropriately, outburst – of the scene and perhaps even the entireplay. God's bread! it makes me mad: Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play, Alone, in company, still my care hath beenTo have her match'd: and having now provided A gentleman of noble parentage,Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly train'd,Stuff'd, as they say, with honourable parts, Proportion'd as one's thought would wish a man; And then to have a wretched puling fool, A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,To answer ‘I'll not wed; I cannot love, I am too young; I pray you, pardon me. But, as you will not wed, I'll pardon you:Graze where you will you shall not house with me: Look to't, think on't, I do not use to jest. Thursday is near; lay hand on heart, advise: An you be mine, I'll give you to my friend; And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die inthe streets, For, by my soul, I'll ne'er acknow ledge thee, Nor what is mine shall never do thee good:Trust to't, bethink you; I'll not be forsworn. ’ Capulet starts off with an exclamation (‘God’s bread! ’) and lists the times he’s cared for her asyndetically for impact and to draw them out.The actor could possibly raise his voice list item by list item here to build tension. He goes on to rant about how he has ‘provided her’ with a ‘gentleman of noble parentage’, and other traits so desirable in the Elizabethan era – building up Paris’s image, acting proud that he has been able to ‘catch’ this man for his daughter†¦ almost holding him in awe, even – and then curses his daughter for suggesting that she will not marry him. He refers to Juliet – his own daughter – as a wretch and a ‘whining mammet’.He mocks her by throwing her own words back at her – somewhat childishly as many of the things she hasn ’t actually said and Capulet has just presumed or exaggerated(such as ‘I cannot love’, ‘I am too young’ etc). This shows that he has little respect at her and is determined to get at her, regardless of what she has actually said. He threatens to throw her out: ‘Graze where you will you shall not house with me’ -he also uses the word ‘graze’ here in place of ‘live with’, reducing her to the level of cattle – and warns her that he is not joking about this by saying ‘I do not use to jest’.He then tells her that she is his property (‘And you be mine’), and that he can use her as property as he ‘gives [her] to [his] friend’. He finalizes the raving speech with his wish that she should die or live a life of misery (‘hang, beg, starve, die in the streets’ – a syndetic listing again here, used as if Capulet’s thoughts are so fuelled that he feels h e must rush to spit them out) if she disagrees with him. The audience, who side with Juliet, will by now have a deep disliking of Capulet. Juliet turns to her mother. Is there no pity sitting in the clouds,That sees into the bottom of my grief? O, sweet my mother, cast me not away! Delay this marriage for a month, a week;Or, if you do not, make the bridal bed In that dim monument where Tybalt lies. ’ Here Juliet wails to the heavens, before begging her mother not to disown her as her father has done. She pleads to her mother to delay the marriage for a short period of time – going as far as suggesting that would commit suicide. Ironically, at the end of the play, Juliet and Romeo die together in ‘a tomb belonging to the Capulets. The watching audience knows that she wishes to delay the marriage to give her time to think things over and sort out her marriage to Romeo – however, the audience also knows that Lady Capulet doesn’t know that this is the c ase, and that she probably thinks Juliet is being a little childish. However, her mother replies with: ‘Talk not to me, for I'll not speak a word: Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. ’ By refusing to talk to her daughter from that moment onwards, Lady Capulet effectively lands the fatal blow to the Capulets’ previously good stance with the audience.After Capulet tries to protect his daughter from an early, restrictive marriage, and then his wife siding somewhat with his daughter as she tried to gently calm him, their change in the face of the audience is quite remarkable. Romeo and Juliet are the ‘heroes’ and focus of the play; the older generation of the Capulets can now be seen by the audience as the villains. Juliet then turns to her nurse in desperation. Throughout the play so far, the nurse has been unwaveringly loyal to Juliet and has wanted for her only what she thinks is for the best.However, after asking for consolation and for a way to prevent the marriage, the nurse says: ‘Faith, here it is. Romeo is banish'd; and all the world to nothing,That he dares ne'er come back to challenge you; Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Then, since the case so stands as now it doth, I think it best you married with the county. O, he's a lovely gentleman! Romeo's a dishclout to him: an eagle, madam, Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye As Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart, I think you are happy in this second match, For t excels your first: or if it did not,Your first is dead; or 'twere as good he were, As living here and you no use of him. ’ Instead of her expected reply of consolation and a method of preventing the marriage and rejoining with her husband, the nurse reminds Juliet that Romeo has been banished and won’t dare come back to see her, at least not without it being in secret. She continues, saying that she believes that in the current light of things, it would be best for Juliet to marry Paris, this man who, although noble, barely knows her, if it all.She compares Romeo to a dishcloth and Paris to an eagle – quite offensive and complementary comparisons respectively. Even though the nurse is talking sense, this is not what the audience want to hear at this point. By telling Juliet that she should leave someone that the audience love for someone that her father is forcing her to marry on threats of violence makes her almost as bad has the Capulets. The next few lines of dialogue are where Juliet and the audience finally realise that it’s the younger generation versus the older generation: ‘ JULIET Speakest thou from thy heart? Nurse And from my soul too; Or else beshrew them both.JULIET Amen! Nurse What? JULIET Well, thou hast comforted me marvellous much. Go in: and tell my lady I am gone, Having displeased my father, to Laurence' cell,To make confession and to be absolved. Nurse Marry, I will; and this is wisely done. ’ After check ing that the nurse truly means what she says (‘Speakest thou from thyheart? ’), Juliet exclaims ‘Amen! ’ What she really means is ‘so be it’†¦ this is the point where she decides to forsake any adult advice and try and sort things out for herself. The nurse doesn’t understand, but the audience does – this reinforces the idea that the way the younger generation and udience think is now different from the way the adults think. She still has respect for her father and her religion, because she says ‘Having displeased my father’†¦ ’make confession and to be absolved’ – or so it seems. After the nurse exits and Juliet is left alone, she makes one last emotional speech to the audience: Ancient damnation! O most wicked fiend! Is it more sin to wish me thus forsworn,Or to dispraise my lord with that same tongueWhich she hath praised him with above compareSo many thousand times? Go, counsellor;Th ou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain.I'll to the friar, to know his remedy: If all else fail, myself have power to die. ’ Juliet now renounces her faith in god, saying that ‘[the nurse] and my bosom henceforth shall be twain (split apart)’. There is another suicide reference at the end of this dialogue. This increases tension back from the level it sunk to after Juliet’s parents left. Because of the actions and words of the older generation in the Capulet household, Juliet is contemplating suicide. This makes the audience angry with the adults. After this scene, Juliet goes to see the only adult left that she trusts – Friar Lawrence.He gives her a draft of sleeping potion, planning to fake her death so that she can escape and be alone with her Romeo, at least until things get straightened out. Unfortunately, Romeo doesn’t receive Lawrence's message explaining the situation to him, and thinks that Juliet is indeed dead. In his mad grief, he rushes to the Capulet family tomb to take one last look at his late wife, and meets Paris there. After a struggle, Paris is killed, and Romeo poisons himself. Juliet awakes soon after, and after dismissing the Friar who comes to offer someform of consolation, gives her Romeo one last kiss, and stabs herself with his dagger.Afterwards, Capulet, Montague, Friar Lawrence and the prince meet outside, and the friar reveals the story to all parties. Only at the end, after their offspring are dead, do they realise their errors. Act 3 scene 5 affects the rest of the play quite dramatically. If marriage wasn’t aboutto be forced upon Juliet, she wouldn’t have needed to take quite such drastic steps to reunite herself with her secret husband, and the deaths of Romeo, Paris and Juliet could all have been avoided.All that Capulet needed to do was to ask his daughter of her opinion before arranging her to be married, or for Lady Capulet to respectJuliet's wishes to delay the marr iage for a month so that she could get thingsstraightened out. In the end, the feuding families of Montague and Capulet finally settle their differences, at a price – as prince states at the end of act 5, For never was a story of more woeThan this of Juliet and her Romeo. ’ To put the play into context, readers must understand some things about Elizabethansociety.Elizabethan society was what is known as a patriarchal society – that is, a societygoverned by men. Women had very little individual power or influence, and fatherswere seen as the head of the household and were to be obeyed. Daughters wereregarded as possessions of their fathers – something that could be ‘given away’ to acandidate that the father decrees as suitable. This would have made Juliet's arguing with her father very unorthodox and shocking –woman, arguing with her father , the man who possessed her . Children wereexpected to obey adults at all time – their wor d was law.Adults and children didn’thave the sorts of friendly, easygoing relationships that they we enjoy today – childrenwere to obey and not have strong opinions or an unhealthy amount of free will – bothof which Juliet possesses. Religion was also a big part of Elizabethan society. Marriage was seen as a holyevent and was also a big family event. For Juliet to have had a rushed wedding withvery few people (and no family members) present would have been very unusual tothe Elizabethan audience. The idea of suicide would also have been much more shocking to an audience in theElizabethan era.Whereas nowadays suicide is seen as taking your own life,Elizabethans had the added shock of a woman going against gods will. Towards the beginning of the scene, Juliet expresses quite explicitly that she wouldlike to ‘wreak her love upon Romeo’s body’. In these times, people are quitesaturated with references to sex and love in the media, but at the time Shakespearewrote this play, the topic was considered taboo. Audiences would have beenshocked at Juliet’s seemingly ‘unquenchable lust’. However, the scene isn’t quiteenough to repulse the audiences – it is just enough to get them excited and feel asense of risk.I think that Shakespeare was successful in creating tension with his presentation of relationships in act 3 scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet. There is already some tension inthe play, which is built upon when Lady Capulet narrowly misses catching Romeo inher daughter’s room, and Juliet dangerously plays with her wording to give it dualmeanings. The relationship heightens yet more when Juliet defies her parents bystating that she will not marry the man her father has chosen for her, and reaches apeak as her father starts hurling abuse and threats at her.

Description of microbial journal article review Essay

Description of microbial journal article review - Essay Example screening, even before the advent of sexual activity in young girls can serve to enlighten people about prevention strategies and the need for vaccination. However, there are many factors which prevent the participation of susceptible young people in screening programs. Agurto et al, 2004 in their study have endeavored to identify the barriers to cervical screening that exist among Latin American women, a region where cervical cancer is rampant. The authors have hypothesized that unknown factors exist which prevent the populations in these countries from participating in cervical screening programs. The authors have tried to identify the barriers which prevent populations in the Pan American countries from participating in screening programs, which they feel need to be removed, as screening programs in other countries such as the US and Canada have succeeded in reducing the incidence of HPV ( Agurto et al, 2004) By following a common theoretical and methodological approach, the authors conducted five separate qualitative studies in Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, El Salvador and Peru which incorporated questionnaire based study protocols aimed at the affected females; their male partners as well as the healthcare professionals as the prime focus groups to identify their perception of the existing barriers which prevented the people from participating in screening programs. Appropriate statistical tools were used for the analysis. The main barriers encountered as per the responses of the interviewed focus groups in the region were anxiety, negligence on part of the sufferer as well as healthcare professionals, poor accessibility to healthcare facilities, lack of education and financial resources, examination at public places for the Pap smear test, lack of follow up and poor management by local healthcare professionals. Diagnostic tests were believed to be unreliable by many interviewed people who felt that the results were not conveyed in a timely manner. The

Management Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Bills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bills - Assignment Example It is the responsibility of the US as a nation to prevent racial discrimination and to ensure better functionality of the legal system. Introduction The United States (US) is considered as one of the most racially diverse democratic countries in the world. Yet, the improvement of economic prosperity is not shared uniformly across the country. At present, the US communities have become relegated and a key aspect of relegation is unequal treatment of persons of different race that takes place incrementally across the entire range of the US criminal justice system. This racial inequality encourages public distrust in the criminal justice system and also obstructs the capability to assure public safety. Several individuals who are engaged in criminal justice system are intensely conscious regarding the issue of racial disparity and the way to counteract it (The Sentencing Project, 2008). In the year 2009, the Congress introduced a bill named H.R. 1412, the Justice and Integrity Act with the intention of addressing any unwarranted racial and ethnic disparity in the criminal justice system and also to enhance the public confidence in the justice system (The Library of Congress, 2010). Focusing on this aspect, the report is intended to discuss the racial disparities in the criminal justice system of the US so that the H.R. ... These discrepancies tend to widen rather than narrow the justice system. The level of discrepancy during the time of arrest does not stay stagnant for the successive phases of the justice system. The discrepancy accumulates as an individual goes deeper into the justice system (Hartney & Vuong, 2009). In accordance with the study of Weich & Angulo (1997), the disparity in the criminal justice system in the US had started at the initial phase. Quite frequently, police divisions unreasonably aim at minorities as criminal suspects. Police officers also implement different tactics against minorities which simply can shudder the integrity of the criminal justice system. The study of Weich & Angulo (1997) found racial disparity in the US criminal justice system. According to their study in Maryland, during 1995 to 1997, 70% drivers who were stopped and investigated by the police belonged to black community, where white men consisted of only 17.5%. Similarly in Florida, it has also been obse rved that in 1992, 70% people who were stopped on a specific highway belonged to black and Hispanic community and only 5% were whites. Furthermore, minorities were also found to be detained for longer time period in comparison with white men. On the basis of a study conducted by ABC news program in the year 1992, where two vehicles had been examined in which one was occupied with white men and the other one was occupied with black men. These vehicles were directed at the same road, with same vehicle model and at the same speed. However, it has been observed that the vehicle occupied with black males was stopped by the police multiple times, whereas the vehicle occupying white males was not stopped once (Weich & Angulo, 1997). The statistics of The

661 questions 1 and 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

661 questions 1 and 2 - Assignment Example Organization change initiative may fail because of the following factors; overloading priorities, whereby, managers tend to have divided loyalty on which responsibility to undertake first causing a change initiative to be unsuccessful (Clemmer, 2001). Overconcentration on achievements may cause organization change to be unsuccessful because organization may over concentrate on quality and achievement and forgets on conducting an assessment to determine whether organization is moving retrogressively or progressively (Clemmer, 2001). Additionally, a change initiative may become unsuccessful if managers delegate duties and give instruction without leading others to implement those changes (Clemmer, 2001). In above connection, lack of proper coordination and communication between managers and stakeholders within an organization may make a change initiative to become unsuccessful (Clemmer, 2001). I experienced a revolutionary change from childhood to adulthood whereby, I had to make decisions without relying on my parents. However, my parents could develop some resistance because they could not admit that fact that I had become an adult who can make his own decision. This story may relate to the stories of Kodak, Hewlett, IBM and Mc Donald’s in chapter one in the sense that, in both stories there are some forms of resistance when carrying out a change (Palmer, Dunford & Akin, 2008). The most common issues across all the stories are that there is some form of resistance to change. For example; in Kodak Company, the announcement of reducing amount of dividend paid to shareholders in order to adopt new technology was faced with a lot of resistance by all stakeholders (Palmer, Dunford & Akin, 2008). In above connection, the HP CEO Fiona experienced resistance from both staff members and family when she declared a merger between Hp and

Tablets and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Tablets and Business - Essay Example Businesses are using tablets in many different ways. One of the ways in which tablets are being used as a tool for business, is as a companion device. A tablet offers a strong computing platform for employees who are need a device that is lightweight but has amazing processing speed. As a matter of fact, many new generation tablets have high processing speeds that match the computing power of laptops. Moreover, these tablets are robust and lightweight. Companies in construction prefer these devices because it allows them to work in an environment where carrying 10lbs of equipment is not feasible. Without a doubt, tablets facilitate this process. In the hot world of commerce, tablets are taking place of traditional mainframe point of sales. Many companies are using tablets as points-of-sale, and as an increasing group of start-up. Also, established technological firms are in competition in providing point-of-sale services that are mobile. This is convenient especially for those businesses that are customer centric. Not only tablets allow ease of access, but they also allow privacy for customers. This is monumental for many organizations as they are trying to connect with clients. Undoubtedly, tablets are the future for companies. Another key feature of tablets is that it is dynamically caching data at a rapid pace. Employees are also in a position to help clients doing business at their branches by either hastening transactions at the teller or by minimizing over-the-counter transactions (Schmidt 214). For instance, restaurants use tablets at their point-of-sale simultaneously as the order is given by the customers. Tablets are amazing because they interconnect customers, managers, cashiers, and waiters in a seamless manner. Restaurant managers are also in a position to manage scanners, reservations. All these tasks are being automated to better serve organizations, while increasing profit. A

Character & Theme in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay

Character & Theme in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein - Essay Example So, the intriguing plot development begins in the Arctic Circle as the symbol of mystery and unpredictability. The time when the novel was written was that of rapid scientific explorations. As well as many other young men, Victor Frankenstein was fond of natural scientific researches and decided to devote himself to the science. But he did not just scientific experiments, but he decided to transform living substance from the dead one! Victor Frankenstein's explorations were based on medieval alchemists' researches which tried to prove that resuscitation is possible and a human being can be immortal. Alchemists provided such experiments but nevertheless their dream wasn't realized. But the people's dream of resuscitation and transformation of lifeless substance was and is still survived, and this aspiration is eloquently reflected in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In the spirit of Enlightenment, Victor Frankenstein tried to explore the human nature. He was sure that scientific reason can surpass God, and he made his supernatural experiments intending to bring scientific benefit to the mankind. The spirit of Enlightenment appealed liberty, including human liberty from God, and Frankenstein wanted to realise this idea, but he transformed this idea into the idea of artificial intelligence. It was a popular philosophical idea, and it still survives today, in our century of genetic engineering. But that time Victor Frankenstein used less effective scientific methods than we do today: he used electricity. Experiments with electricity were very popular in the 18th and the 19th century, and many scientists tried to apply it in many realms, including medicine. The experiments with electricity were widely used in medicine as the demonstration showing that frog leg can jolt under the influence of electricity - Victor Frankenstein decided to use this technology for resuscitation. He imagined himself as a great scientist who is able to surpass God and create new life using scientific methods: "So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein--more, far more, will I achieve; t reading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation" (Chapter 3). In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein the old idea of aspiration of man superiority over nature is clearly visible. Alchemists and different scientific experimenters always aspired to surpass nature and place a man over nature, and they didn't reflect possible consequences. Victor Frankenstein realised the danger, nevertheless he went on. But later he found that his creature is not as ideal as he had planned. The monster was ugly, and nobody could see it without fear, and even his creator couldn't look at him without fear: "I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived" (Chapter 5). What was Victor's purpose to create his monster It was an ambition of a man who tried to use his experiments to demonstrate the power of science and the power of humans over nature. Victor internalized his monster, and then

Project Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management - Case Study Example In addition, the acquisition of the best and most competent people to manage projects ensures that the stakeholders of the organization stay up to date with the current knowledge about it as well as ensuring that they take advantage of all offers that the organization has to give, hence giving the organization a competitive edge over other’s. The hiring of competent staff ensures that an organization is able to make adjustments quickly, according to the changes in the marketing scene in the world and it does this for the purpose of assisting its stakeholders keep up to speed of things so that they do not lose any opportunities if there are any unexpected changes. Having competent people managing an organization’s projects provides a swift means through which individuals can easily be able to make connections with people and resources which they have need of in order receive the services they want from the organization. It has been stated that the acquisition of competen t managers for projects is one of the reasons why many organizations in the world today have become successful and are able to retain this success. One only has to log onto the internet to see the scale of success that many companies have been able to acquire and all of this due to competent project management that has been prevalent within them (Mauro, Plinio, Gilmar and Mamerto, 2012). It has been found that competent management is a means through which an organization can be able to ensure that it does not face any damaging scandals because of mismanagement (Baird and Riggins, 2012). While previously it was a subject which was not taken based on merit, the selection of project managers has now developed into a massive undertaking which has created the need to have competence in working on projects, because to not do so would be to doom the project or the organization to failure, like the case of Gary Allison in the Orion Shield project. As the years have progressed, project manag ement is moving from being a profession where individuals can survive without a lack of skills to one where there is plenty of opportunity for those who take a direct hand and are dedicated to it (Cruceru, 2012). When managing a project, managers have to be able to ensure that they have complete control of the project, otherwise, there is likely to be failures due to incompetence. In addition, project managers should adopt a strategy that is so well done it touches the emotions of those who witness it and as long as more people continue to the activities being done within the project, then the influence of this project is likely to be immense. It has become common knowledge that effective project management is essential and this belief has developed to such an extent that many organizations have actually come to believe that it is the solution to the diverse problems that they have been experiencing with their own projects. More organizations than ever today are making a bid to ensu re that they not only have competent managers, but also that their projects are done in the most professional way possible. The lack of professionalism has created a situation where organizations

The role of the media within the British political system Essay

The role of the media within the British political system - Essay Example There is a relationship between mass media and society as there is the view that the media are part of democracy since they are themselves a 'free' institution. The media assist the working of a democratic system through facilitating free speech and unrestricted public debate. However, some who believe that the media are anti-democratic argues this with their power to manipulate the way people think about politics. With these two notions in mind, I think that this demonstrates the overall power of the mass media, since they can either set people's minds against the political system or help to generate popular support for it. The mass media refers to all those forms of communication where large numbers of people are exposed to an identical message. The mass media provide the ideas and images, which help most people to understand the world they live in and their place in that world. (Coxall 2003, 1-22). Along with politicians, the public, parties and other organizations, the media play a crucial role in structuring and widening political debate in Britain so that issues such as environment, law and order, or the state of the public services receive attention and are addressed by the government. Television programmes have to compete with each other in order to gain more viewers and readers. They therefore have to make their programmes more attractive to the viewer so there is usually a tendency to make the news more attractive by treating it as entertainment rather than serious news. This may explain why some newspapers are bought more than others because the popular papers provide the public with what they want to read. In terms of a free market, these papers will thrive, while unpopular and unread papers will struggle, with perhaps valid information regarding... Television programs have to compete with each other in order to gain more viewers and readers. They, therefore, have to make their programs more attractive to the viewer so there is usually a tendency to make the news more attractive by treating it as entertainment rather than serious news. This may explain why some newspapers are bought more than others because the popular papers provide the public with what they want to read. In terms of a free market, these papers will thrive, while unpopular and unread papers will struggle, with perhaps valid information regarding communities going unread. Newspapers can be helpful, 'Children achieve more success in early reading skills if they have experience with books and other print media and were read to as preschoolers.' (Comstock, 1991). In England, we value the freedom of the press. The press is the one place where most people go to get educated on issues facing their community, city and most of all their country. Everyone knows that the media plays a major role in people's lives; however, their role of gatekeeper is not completely understood. The press decides which issues to report and how to report them. In order to improve the society and country we live in, I think that the media should present their unbiased findings to allow people to make up their own minds. However, this is not the case. The media often shows it bias. Their widespread exposure enables them to communicate their ideas to the public, regardless of the public's responsiveness.

Motivation and Organizational Culture Essay Example for Free

Motivation and Organizational Culture Essay Motivation and Organizational Culture Assignment In any given business or workplace environment the employees that work there should be the most valued assets. Research has shown that personnel who are happy and taken care of are much more productive than those who are not, therefore establishing a more pleasing work atmosphere. That being said, business leaders and managers alike play an extremely important role in workplace psychology. According to our text, leadership is the process of leading a group and influencing its members to achieve common goals. All managers are leaders (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2011). In today’s society more managers are leading through empowerment by allowing team members to be involved in the decision making process. More and more employees â€Å"are developing budgets, scheduling workloads, controlling inventories, solving quality problems, and engaging in similar activities that until very recently were viewed exclusively as part of the manager’s job. As mentioned earlier, research has shown that employees who are pleased are far more beneficial than employees who are not. There are many things that managers can do to ensure that their employees feel valued, and remain satisfied. First of all, it is important that managers avoid using intimidation. To intimidate means to make nervous, or instill fear. In some cases an individual can take advantage of their title and turn in to an authoritarian. In a sense this means that the big guys squash the little guys.

Theories of Government: National Socialism

Theories of Government: National Socialism Name: Jamie Cox Title: National Socialism (Nazism)

Chocolate Industry Is Becoming A Global Phenomenon Marketing Essay

Chocolate Industry Is Becoming A Global Phenomenon Marketing Essay Introduction Chocolate Industry is becoming a global phenomenon. Globally appetite for chocolates shows no signs of waning but a shift in consumption pattern is increasingly evident. In the year 2009 global confectionary market was estimated to be 88,740.2US $ million industry .From the year 2004-2009 it has grown by 33.2 % in terms of retail value .In terms of value chocolate confectionery market is the largest category accounting for almost 60% of the total sales. The giants of chocolate business have all dominated their respective regions for decades eg :-Kraft in Us,Cadbury In Britain. Cadbury Schweppes was formed by a merger in 1969 between Cadbury and Schweppes. Since 1842 Cadbury has gone from strength to strength. The most recent step to the success ladder for Cadbury is the takeover of the company by US food company Kraft which makes the company global confectionery leader. It has an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum, candybar .Since then the business has expanded into a leading international confectionery and beverages company. Through an active programme of both acquisitions and disposals the company has created a strong portfolio of brands which are sold in almost every country in the world. This report aims to throw light on Chocolate confectionery industry leader Cadbury with target market in India .A rapidly developing economy such as India would further gives me a chance for a much deeper analysis of the industry and overall market environment. Cadbury in India: Cadbury began its Indian operations as a trading company in 1947 with brands such as dairy milk, gems, 5star Bournvita and perk etc. Cadbury India Ltd is a local subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes which holds in excess of 90 % shares in it. Cadbury in the last six decades has become synonymous with the word chocolate in India .It is one of the Classic examples of the brand coming to symbolise a product category. Innovation is also essential for ongoing success despite chocolate market being dominated by consistent performers .Cadbury India Ltd dominates the chocolate market in India with over 70%.It operates in four categories viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum category. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 star,  Perk,  Ãƒâ€°clairs  and  Celebrations. Market size The FMCG market in India is estimated to reach 27 billion in 2009. It is very highly fragmented market .In India the Chocolate confectionery market grew almost 22% in current value terms to reach Rs27 billion in 2009.Cadbury India Ltd is the leader in confectionary market in India Leading Brands in the market Nestle is the 2nd market leader with a share of 33% followed by Amul at 3.63%.Other competing products in the market are KIT KAT, NESTLÉ Eclairs ,Polo, Nestle Milky bar Nestle Bar one is one of the biggest competitor of 5 star ,Amuls Chocozoo product ,Amuls Milky Bar etc Brand Positioning A brand position is the market place a brand is perceived to occupy or what the brand stands for in a world of brands .This position includes the associations it has in the mind of the consumer .It includes the associations it has in the mind of the consumer .It includes all aspects of a brand: the product attributes, benefits and values. (MooijiMariekede, 2005). In a survey conducted by the Business world magazine in 2007 Cadbury had been ranked 5th in the FMCG sector in a survey on Indias most respected companies. PORTERS ANALYSIS New Entrants Rivalry Buyers Substitutes Suppliers Porter (1980) suggested that five main forces shape competition at the level of strategic business units and that a systematic analysis of each in turn can help managers identify the keys to competitiveness in their particular industry (Hooley, 2003) Rivalry among existing companies-Moderate Cadbury is undoubtedly the market leader in the Indian chocolate confectionery market .The main players in the chocolate confectionary market is Cadbury followed at 58.3% by Nestle at 33% and domestic brand Amul (Gujarat Co-operative Ltd) at a very small share of 3.63%.Private labels have not made an entry in chocolate confectionary .With Brands such as Cadbury and Nestle enjoying a strong brand equity as well as market dominance retailers have not ventured into the category as of 2009 .Since 2004-2009 the market shares by the companies have not seen a major change .Nestle is the only competitor with diverse range of product portfolio where as Amul core activity is in dairy products and it has a much smaller product portfolio than the leading players in India. Amul Chocozoo is the companys key innovative brand which does not have any parallels in the market. In India Cadbury enjoys very strong brand loyalty a classic example is the Worm Controversy in the year 2003 during the festiva l period in Diwali but a year later company was able to gain back the consumer confidence .Cadburys value share melted from 73 per cent in to 69.4 per cent during the year 2003.The recovery began in May 2004 when Cadburys value share went up to 71 per cent. This faster recovery was possible due the trust and loyalty of the consumers with the brand. Also due to strong brand loyalty Cadbury enjoys price elasticity and product differentiation plays a very small in competitive rivalry of the confectionery market. Threat of New entrants- Low In addition to considering existing rivals an organisation should also consider the potential for new entrants to emerge. Threat of new entrants in an industry depends upon the height of a number of entry barriers .In the chocolate confectionery market the capital cost of entry would be very high since Cadbury and Nestle being the only two companies with more than 70 percent share in the market. To compete with such well established MNCs it requires high investment making the threat of new entrants very low. Cadbury as a brand enjoys strong brand loyalty and emotional attachment by the consumers any potential new entrant will encounter resistance in trying to enter the industry .Brand loyalty will also be a significant factor in increasing the costs for consumers of switching to the products of new competitors. Threat of Substitutes-Low A substitute can be regarded as something that meets the same needs as the product of the industry .The extent of threat from a particular substitute will depend upon factors such as extent to which the price and performance of the industries product and performance of the substitute can match the industries product and the willingness of the buyers to switch to the substitute .In case of Cadbury the switching costs for the consumers is very low .Also consumers are very loyal to the brand making the threat of substitutes very low Bargaining power of suppliers- Moderate Cadbury Schweppes has around 40000 suppliers worldwide.  [1]  Parent company provided cocoa seeds and clonal materials for 8 years of operations to Cadbury India Ltd .It started cocoa farming in India to reduce dependence on imported cocoa beans. Cadbury India imports about 50 percent of the cocoa requirement .List of Key ingredients and their approximate percentage requirement is shown the below chart: Other Dry Fruits-3% Edible Oil-5% Malt Extract-9% Sugar Liquid Glucose-17% Milk (Powder/Liquid/Condensed)-20% Cocoa Beans/butter/powder -46% Like stated above key ingredients Sugar and Cocoa are bought from the commodity markets. Milk is bought regularly from farmers in the area near the factory to complement the supply coming from the original directly operated farm. Barley for malt is bought from four to five wholesalers. Manufactures have very little control over the prices of Sugar and Cocoa since they are mostly set by the government. Rest of the ingredients have less proportion as compared to cocoa and sugar hence their bargaining power is low. Over the recent years there has been growing concern of the trade policies and child labour issues in the cocoa industry Cadbury product Dairy Milk has been fair trade certified . Bargaining power of buyer- Moderate The extent to which buyer of a product exert power over an industry depends upon number of factors. To identify the bargaining power of the buyer for Cadbury its very important to identify who are the customers and consumers for the company .Customers are the people who sell the products to the people who consume them, for Cadbury they are the retailers and the distributors and consumers are the direct end people who consume. In the supply chain for Cadbury buyers include consumers, wholesalers, and supermarket chains. Market for the chocolate industry is highly fragmented. Existing brands such as Cadbury and Nestle have a strong presence of differentiation and brand loyalty leading to weakening of the buyer power. Major purchase in terms of volume is by the retailers giving them a better bargaining power but Cadbury enjoys good brand loyalty hence making it comparatively weak. Consumers have become accustomed to the brand and generally seem reluctant to shift loyalties to newer brands. Porters Generic strategy CADBURY Source: Competitive advantage As a competitive strategy, differentiation refers to a product or service that is different or somehow unique as perceived by the customer. (Grigsby Stahl, 1997)A firm can achieve differentiation for its products or services in a number of different ways .Cadbury India adopts the differentiation strategy to set itself in a unique way in the competitive envoirnment.Cadbury has over the decades build a brand image for the company through extensive advertising people have started associating with the brand emotionally and are very loyal. Cadbury has always tried to connect emotionally through its advertisement with the consumers .Company also regularly uses customer surveys as a means to align the advertisements with evolving consideration sets of customers and uses packaging as a tool to communicate quality. For example adds such as Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye Is Diwali Ap Kisse Khush Karenge which means something sweet for the Diwali festival clearly shows the bond the company is trying to connect with the consumers. It also tries to add extra features into the product. Cadbury India invests heavily in advertisement for its products .This plays a very important role in differentiating strategies because the customer gets convinced that there is something different about the product. Differentiating firms usually employ substantial consumer research efforts to identify changing consumer tastes. Cadbury regularly invests in consumer research and research and development for its products .It regularly tries to innovate with the products. Company goes by the value it sets for itself i.e. performance driven, values led. Resource Based View A resource based view inside out perspective is fundamentally different from Porters outside in perspective. A resource based view of the firm draws an important distinction between comparative parity and competitive advantage (Barney ,1991).Parity is achieved by choosing and executing a business strategy comparable to that of competition firms .Generic strategy models are seen as leader to parity with the competition .By contrast ,competitive advantage requires that firms be unique by developing and deploying resources in unique ways that add value and are difficult to imitate (Gerhart Rynes, 2003).Resource based view says that a organization possess resources that are inputs into its production process .There are three such capital inputs: Physical, human and organizational .The use of these resources is determined by characteristics inside the company .When these characteristics are appropriate and an organization can achieve both competitive and a sustainable superior performanc e-usually expressed by relatively high levels of return on investment .The organization acts a collection of assets and capabilities providing a capacity for a sets of resources to effectively perform activity tasks. A firm can sustain a competitive advantage by the organization responsive to rapidly changing market conditions by both maintaining the development of existing resources and capabilities and creating new ones. An organization needs to identify these capabilities which provide it with a competitive advantage. Resources are of two types tangible and intangible .These resources for the company can be intensified using the VRIN model. Valuable Rare Imperfectly Imitable Non Substitutable With the Cadburys analysis of the external as well as internal environment of the firm i found below resources which can help to sustain competitive advantage in the market. Tangible assets Ranking from level 1-5 (Where 1 is the highest) Financial capital 1 Human resource 2 Intangible assets Brand reputation 3 Loyalty of customers 1 Goodwill 2 Research and development 5 Distribution network 4 Distinctive Capabilities Culture and values 1 Cadbury India has been decades in the Indian market and now enjoys a strong reputation and has maintained its market leader position for many years it has the largest market share in the Indian chocolate industry of more than 70 percent. Thus I would rank financial capital as no 1 tangible asset of Cadbury India. Cadbury India has been ranked as the 7th Great Place to Work and the No. 1 FMCG company in India in 2008, by the Great Place to Work Institute.  It is the fourth time that they have featured amongst the Great Places to Work in India. Cadbury India has also been awarded the Bronze Award for Excellence in People Management in the Great Place to Work 2007 survey conducted by Grow Talent Company Limited and Business world. The award recognizes Cadbury India as a national leader in the area of Human Resource Management. Thus making it very useful tangible asset for the company.  [2]  Cadbury India is a built upon reputation for fine products and services. Capabilities are more difficult to delineate and are often described as invisible assets .For Cadbury India undoubtedly it is the culture and value of the organization which it has carried on decades .It is a value driven company To summarise the essential elements of the resource based view from Cadbury Indias point of view are the resources stated as above which give the firm its distinct advantage and sets its apart. Also the role of management in converting these resources into positions of sustainable competitive advantage leading to a superior performance in the marketplace. Cadbury Indias Business Relationships with Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the customers, shareholders employees, suppliers, communities. I would be aiming to analyse the business relationships Cadbury has with its stakeholders, how it builds up long term relationship which is mutually beneficial and a collaborative effort Government Communities Employees Customers Stockholders Cadbury India Educational institutes, Future generations, Poor Media, Competitors, Suppliers Trade associations, Public Interest Group Unions, Political parties, Creditors Environment, Religious Groups A firm must satisfy the interests of all its participants since this will promote the interest of the shareholders. A Firm should try to enhance the interest of all the stakeholders. It should have a stakeholding approach to business behaviour. Cadbury India take part in various programs and activities for the overall community its shareholders etc.As part of its corporate social responsibility programme they promote physical activity and education that helps improve consumer health and prevent obesity  .They are also helping to build understanding of the energy equation particularly amongst children. Cadbury India does not vend its confectionery or carbonated soft drink products in primary schools and only vend these products in secondary schools by invitation and in line with nutritional guidelines set by the school. Company regularly invests in new science and increasing our scientific resources within our business. Were working with others (including government, campaigners, shareholders and customers) to help find solutions. weve withdrawn from advertising directed specifically at children aged less than eight years where theyre the majority of the audience and weve introduced a global Marketing Code of Practice, whi ch includes specific reference to children. Cadburys Marketing code Supporting sensible consumption and balanced life style also signifies the company values towards the consumers  [3]   Good relationships with supplier and other stakeholders can also provide an increased repertoire of insights and responses, greater efficiencies and more opportunities for creating problem solving. This is especially important for Cadbury constantly tries to innovate its products and services to maintain their market share .Since Cadbury has a strong stakeholder relationship it also provides the company with a measure of stability in a turbulent environment. During the Worm infest crisis of 2003 it was very difficult time for the company but due to the solid relation it has with its customers, stakeholder it was able to win back their trust and gain the largest market share by 2004. Analysis and Conclusions: Cadburys competitive advantage comes from highly related and producing similar products lines based on existing technologies .For example Cadbury dairy milk, Dairy milk shots. I feel since Cadbury targets similar product market some of the customer bases Moreover it has the ability to offer big portfolio to meet customer needs .Since Cadbury is already the market leader in the chocolate confectionery in India it can focus on the current portfolio effectively using this as a base to venture into new products or entering into similar industry. Also it can be noted that the markets that it has already captured are in to the maturity stage and product needs constant innovation and development to sustain in the long run. India has a vast population though Cadbury has a very large and diverse distribution network still there would be lot of untapped market potential it should concentrate on getting the best distribution system. Also as the market develops consumers become more experienced and discerning and look for more benefits from the products they choose. Cadbury should regularly try to re-work exiting brands and develop new ones to meet consumer demands. Bibliography Abbott, John C..  Agricultural Marketing Enterprises for the Developing World: With Case Studies of Indigenous Private, Transnational Co-operative and Parastatal Enterprise. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.   Barney, J.B., (1991), Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management; 17, (1), pp.99-120 Campbell, David J., Bill Houston, and George Stonehouse.  Business Strategy: An Introduction. Manual ed. St. Louis: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999 Clegg, Stewart, Martin Kornberger, and Tyrone Pitsis.  Managing and Organizations: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd, 2008. Gerhart, Barry, and Sara L. Rynes.  Compensation: Theory, Evidence, and Strategic Implications (Foundations for Organizational Science). 1 ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 2003. Grigsby, David W., and Michael J. Stahl.  Strategic Management: Total Quality and Global Competition. New York, NY: Wiley, 1997. Hitt, Michael A., Robert E. Hoskisson, and R. Duane Ireland.  Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, Concepts and Cases. 9 ed. Mason, OH: South-Western College Pub, 2010. Hooley, Graham J., Nigel Piercy, and John A. Saunders.  Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning. 3 ed. London: Financal Times Management, 2003. Print. Mooij, Marieke de .  Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Third Edition ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 2009. Moschandreas, Maria.  Business Economics. 2 ed. New York: Cengage Learning Business Press, 1999. Mujamdar, Ramanuj.  Product Management in India. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall Of India Pvt.Ltd, 2004. Steiner, George A., and John F. Steiner.  Business, Government and Society: A Managerial Perspective. 12Rev Ed ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Svendsen, Ann.  The Stakeholder Strategy: Profiting from Collaborative Business Relationships. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1998. Food fight. Economist, 00130613, 11/7/2009, Vol. 393, Issue 8656 Academic Search Premier Business strategy: an introduction By David Campbell, George Stonehouse, Bill Houston Business, government, and society: a managerial perspective : text and cases  By George Albert Steiner, John F. Steiner Nestlà © : Chocolates Confectionery.  Nestlà © : Home  . N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Dec. 2009. . Welcome to Amul The Taste of India .  Welcome to Amul The Taste of India  . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2009. . Cadbury Global We apologise for the delay.  Cadbury Global  . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. . Cadbury India Ltd..  Cadbury India Ltd.. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. . Chocolate Confectionery India report-2009-Euromonitor http://0-www.portal.euromonitor.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Portal/ResultsList.aspx Cadbury India Ltd- Company factfile -Euromonitor International-http://0-www.portal.euromonitor.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Portal/ResultsList.aspx Cadbury India Ltd Packaged Food India- Euromonitor International-http://0-www.portal.euromonitor.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Portal/ResultsList.aspx

Overpopulation :: essays research papers

It’s a dark, cold, rainy night. The wind chill can be compared to that of Arctic wastelands, only the rain won’t freeze and disappear upon contact to your skin, instead the freezing cold ice-rain pierces your flesh like a million needles. The cold doesn’t subdue. A dark, small, shadowy object can be seen scurrying across the unlit streets. This dreary atmosphere does Hell’s Kitchen in the New York ghetto no justice. Just the sight of steam rising from sewer grills, the sound of gunshots in the distance, and the smell of rotten fish makes this an unsavory environment to be exposed to. The shadowy object seems to be on a mission. Looking back and forth as though being hunted by a beast of great stature, the shadowy object makes its way through alleyways, dank streets, and eerie overpasses. Shivering with each step it takes, the shadowy figure looks worn and used out from a night of wear and tear, and appears to be running out of gas. The spectacle of shadow finds a vacant, long deserted, decrepit wooden box, and immediately finds it as a place of seclusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"So tired, how can I get home? I wish those gangstas never stole my bike† Thought Little Billy to himself, â€Å"Maybe Ill just sleep here for the night.† Just then, at that very moment in time, A dark looking man, wearing a black trench coat and boots, comes dashing down that back alley, running as fast as he could until he reached that wooden box, he suddenly came to a perfect stop about ten feet from Little Billy. Almost, as though paralyzed by fear, Little Billy just stares at the bizarre man with a petrified gaze. In return, the man simply stares back at the Belittled Billy, and hesitates before he speak, which seems like an eternity to one Little Billy. â€Å"Hiya!†, said the man, in a friendly tone of voice. Little Billy opened his mouth as though to speak, but only to get interrupted by a prudent mystery man. â€Å"Lemme introduce myself, I’m Jim Sinepson, and I’m a fellow street bum. What brings a nice little boy to these mean streets where homicide and illegal activity is prevalent?† Again, Little Billy began to open his mouth, hesitating and stuttering through sheer intimidation. â€Å"Well, I see that you’ve moved into this box here? Well, I’m not sure if this is the best box to spend your night in†¦ Yeah, my friend Bob was picked off here last week†

Privacy in the Workplace Essay -- Employee Privacy Monitoring Workplac

"Privacy. There seems to be no legal issue today that cuts so wide a swath through conflicts confronting American society: from AIDS tests to wiretaps, polygraph test to computerized data bases, the common denominator has been whether the right to privacy outweighs other concerns of society†¦" This quote from Robert Ellis Smith explains, in one sentence, the absolute need to ensure privacy in the workplace. One of the most interesting, yet controversial, areas concerning public personnel is employee privacy. What limits are there to employers’ intrusions into, and control over, employees’ behaviors and personal properties? There are five major areas which trigger privacy matters in the area of public sector employment: background checks, cognizance of off duty conduct and lifestyles, drug testing, workplace searches, and monitoring of workplace activity. Of these five, the fifth area of privacy, monitoring of workplace activity, is the most controversial. The reason for this is the advance of technology. These conflicts open anew the basic questions as to what is private, what is propriety, what legal rights an employee possesses, and what an employee’s obligations and responsibilities are within the sphere of public employment. Privacy has been defined as "the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others". The privacy claims of employees can vary in terms of the privacy interest involved and the conception of a need for privacy. In terms of background checks, the issue of autonomy is presented. Autonomy involves ones own personal and individual liberties. Autonomy embraces areas of central life choice and lifestyle that are important in terms of individual expression, but irrelevant to an employer and of no public concern. It has been associated with marital and other intimate relationships, home and family life, and association and reproductive choices. Employees have raised issues of employer intrusion into this area where the employer makes employment decisions on the basis of something in an employee’s personal history, or conditions employment on appropriate responses to inquires about per sonal activities which are not job-related. An employer may have interests which permit some limited intrusion into this area, if the behavior involves m... ...duals from fear, abuse and annoyance when it upheld the constitutionality of 47 U.S.C. 233, which makes the communication of obscene or harassive phone calls a federal crime. Employers have no less a responsibility. The responsibility is reinforced through anti-discrimination statutes like Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which has been interpreted to prohibit direct harassment and creation of hostile environments in the workplace. The U.S. Constitution gives substantial protection to privacy in the home, but not where Americans make a living. To make up for federal inadequacy, some states have enacted their own privacy statues. Federal law takes precedence, but where state laws provide greater protection, employers are usually subject to both. Several states have banned various activities, including the paper-and-pencil honesty test, which have not been scientifically validated. No state gives strong privacy protection to workers using e-mail, voice mail or telephone, nor does any state prohibit intrusive psychological testing. Unless or until national workplace laws can be passed, state laws will continue tp provide only spotty overall support for worker privacy.

Crimes Against Children

Crimes Against Children Child abuse has been a major social concern only since the 1950s but adults have victimized children throughout history. Children are the most vulnerable of all groups which is why child abuse victims are of great concern to society. There are different forms of crimes against children, child abuse, physical or sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. Child abuse is the neglect of or violence against children. From 1998 to 2000, 367,000 children were harmed by their parents.Physical abuse includes intentionally beating, biting, burning, strangling, hitting, kicking or shaking a child. In the 1060s the term â€Å"battered child syndrome† was coined. This is a condition where a child suffers serious physical injury usually inflicted by their parents or caregiver. Sexual abuse of children is particularly offensive and is the least commonly reported form of family violence. Unfortunately child sex abusers are family members and friends or neighbors of the victim. In many cases the child has a trusting relationship with the abuser.Emotional abuse is more subtle and involves power or control to harm the victim’s sense of self. Tactics such as verbal threats, social isolation, intimidation, exploitation, terrorizing a child or exposing him to family violence all serve to diminish a child’s self-worth and can cause impaired psychological growth. Child neglect is the chronic and repetitive failure to provide children with food, clothing, shelter, medical care or protection from harm. It constitutes the largest category of child abuse offenders.Fifty-two percent of all child abuse cases in the Unites States involve neglect. Parental alcoholism, drug problems and other inadequate social and family functions are among the factors affecting the child’s response to victimization. More needs to be learned about the long term consequences of childhood victimization. This article discusses what is known from past studies and also present finding of more recent research. Child maltreatment has physical, psychological, cognitive and behavioral consequences.These include minor injuries to brain damage and even death, low self- esteem, depression, substance abuse and suicide attempt. Cognitive effects include attention problems, learning disorders and poor school performance. Behavior issues range from poor peer relations to physical aggression to violent behavior. Males and females react differently to abuse. Males tend to externalize their feeling and are more likely to develop conduct disorders, while females tend to internalize their feelings leading to depressive disorders.Practices of the community and the justice and social services systems may have long-term effects. Children who are members of racial or ethnic minorities often meet with discrimination. Researches have suggested that victimized children are more likely to develop behavior problems in adolescence and may be labeled juvenile offender s. Abused and neglected children score lower on IQ tests and usually fail to complete school which leads to menial and unskilled jobs. Interpersonal relationships are also affected by child maltreatment.Frequent divorce and separation are more common in abused and neglected people. Childhood abuse also increases the risk of being arrested for violent crime. The psychological and emotional fallout for abused children include suicide attempts, antisocial personality disorder and alcohol abuse or dependency. Abused and neglected children may exhibit aggressiveness and behavior problems in childhood, delinquency in adolescence and antisocial and criminal behavior in adulthood.These children, as adults, may be more prone to become abusive themselves. Recent research indicates that child neglect especially at an early age causes substantial problems. Some forms of early neglect lead to â€Å"severe, chronic and irreversible damage†. There are many mechanisms by which abuse and negl ect affect a child but finding a single mechanism that explains all cases of abuse and neglect is highly unlikely. Both the textbook and the journal article agree that childhood abuse causes substantial problems later in life.

Mlb Advanced Media Case Summar

Stephen Sewell MLB Advanced Media Case 1. Major League Baseball has been an industry leader in the digital space for athletic entertainment, thanks to the launch of Baseball Advanced Media (BAM) in 2009. Once the organization took off and grew, it began branching out and offering its content in a variety of channels and platforms. Careful consideration had been given on each of these platforms, but the organization considered itself to be a risk-taker and a first-mover for its industry. Now, with the launch of Apple’s iPad in 2010, BAM was faced with different and complex issues concerning a BAM application for the device.Would they invest the resources to create an app? Would this app be different from existing apps, such as At Bat for the iPhone and iPod touch? How does this addition improve the portfolio of offerings, and does this cannibalize other sources of revenue for BAM? 2. BAM has experienced tremendous growth since its inception, and has come to be known as an indus try leader and overall content delivery model for others to aspire to be. Their content generation leads to increased revenues and partnerships, which leads to more features and options, which leads to more passionate fans and employees, which leads to more innovation.This virtuous cycle has allowed BAM to achieve substantial revenues from its four major sources. The first is their Ticket Sales, which account for 39% of total revenues. Over 30 million tickets were sold online last year (at the time of the case), which is more than a third of the overall baseball attendance. This ticket sale dominance grew substantially with the acquisition of Tickets. com, and a five-year partnership with Stubhub. com. Through these mediums, MLB and BAM removed the uneasiness and uncertainty associated with scalping tickets and created an official secondary market for reselling MLB tickets.When a fan enters the game, the clubs also make a lot of money on things like concessions and merchandise sales . Because of this, Ticket Sales is one of their greatest strengths (key driver), but is also one of the biggest areas that can be seen as a threat. As the content and experience of online and mobile products increases, the desire and willingness to pay for going to the actual stadium decreases. The MLB must work closely BAM to ensure that the two are not in direct competition with each other. The next is their paid-content model, which attributes about 31% to the company’s overall revenues.This, as discussed later in the paper, has been a great strength for BAM. If they are not constantly pursuing innovative and novel ideas and products, this will become a huge threat. BAM also benefits from Merchandizing and Advertising/Sponsorships, which account for the remaining sources of revenue. A key driver going forward will be to continue partnering and aligning with major players in the industry to not only leverage their content and expertise, but also to subdue any potential comp etitive products from seriously posing a threat to market share. 3. BAM seeks to serve MLB fans of all walks of life.Whether it’s the Cardinals fan that wants to get audio coverage of a game that can’t attend, or the business executive that needs a quick update on how his Twins are doing during a meeting, BAM’s products seek to address a variety of fan lifestyles. For the die-hard fan that never wants to miss any of the action, MLB. TV gives fans incredible value by being able to watch any game out-of-market at any time, watch up to 4 games at once, or even get a 10-12 minute condensed version. MLB. TV reaches out to the more active fan that seeks to dedicate a large amount of their time to their MLB allegiance.For the fan that is passionate about the sport and/or their favorite team but doesn’t have a large amount of time to sit through 9 innings, there is MLB. com. On this website, fans can view scores, statistics, schedules, standings, get links to ind ividual team pages, buy tickets and merchandise, or get video highlights. The fan that frequents this product can spend on average about 20-30 minutes on the page at a time, but really cannot devote the time that those who utilize MLB. TV can. Next, we have users that frequent the At Bat, who are more of a tech-savvy, on-the-go type of fan.The value BAM users receive from these push notifications, quick highlights and stats, and live audio streams allows for them to access information anywhere, at any time. The fan can always be on top of the latest rumors and trades, even if there schedule is packed. These products also create value for customers that it does not serve. BAM being recognized as one of the best in digital sports content, it puts the pressure on other athletic organizations to pursue similar initiatives. Sports fans of the NFL and NBA are aware of what is happening in the baseball world, and demand similar experiences.Moreover, BAM’s content delivery and qualit y are well-respected even with those companies not in the sports arena. Companies can model their online and mobile presences after BAM, or can even bring in people for temporary projects to ensure efficiency (like Apple did). 4. BAM’s paid-content model was initially met with a heavy amount of resistance, both internally and externally. With so much information available all over the web and TV, a lot of people questioned whether people having to pay for information and access would be something that would catch on and hold.It has now taken off, mainly because of the passionate and active fan base. Due to the fact that there are SO many games throughout the regular season, and that each team typically has a strong following, Baseball Advanced Media can afford to up-charge for their information and content. As more and more sources become available, and â€Å"generic† prescriptions for these athletic media sources permeate the scene, the paid-content model will come in to question. As long as BAM, and all of their products, are constantly pursuing ground-breaking and innovative initiatives, the paid-content model can be sustainable.But, to that end, this means that their entrepreneurial push needs to be effective and tactical. They cannot afford to be first movers on products, and then have these products fall flat and keel over. As they continue onward down the media content path, they must continually offer more interactive and unique experiences that do not eat into each other’s markets and profits. 5. Bowman and the BAM staff must be very careful in approaching this iPad application. Although the app will serve a similar audience, BAM should be cognizant of the different â€Å"brand images† each of their offerings in their product portfolio.For example, At Bat allows fans to listen live (audio, even though there are 2 free games per day) to every game, get up-to-the-minute stats, receive push notifications, etc. So, it is safe to assume that the At Bat user is looking for convenience and quick analysis of what is important to them. MLB. TV encounters a similar situation, in that it is primarily utilized for streaming and HD-quality video of all out-of-market games, and that users can view multiple games at once. BAM’s In-Market Streaming brings with it some great opportunities, but can also severely cannibalize existing ticket sales if not monitored and controlled properly.MLB. com also served as a hub for fans that want to get in-depth information, but aren’t willing to sit through an entire game or TV show. Overall, BAM has an extensive portfolio that has brought them significant revenues and accolades over the past few years. Based on the explosive success of their previous relationships and dealings with Apple, on top of the achievements their At Bat app has had in the iTunes store, there is a lot of room for expansion with the iPad launch.BAM must consider the exact same issues that Apple is currently facing with its new launch: are they truly reaching a â€Å"new audience† or are they just cannibalizing the revenues of existing products. For example, will Apple lose money on their big money maker, the iPhone, as a result of this new product? BAM faces a similar scenario. There is a tremendous opportunity to be a first-mover on what could be a ground-breaking product. Because of their previous relationship and prior commitment to an application launch, BAM would be wise to invest resources into this new product, even if the iPad is receiving less-than-stellar reviews. . The new iPad app must be easily differentiated from the existing products, and also come with different features as well. Just as there other products seek to do, this app must serve a specific function for its customer. The new iPad app should seek to capitalize on the screen size and capability of the iPad, and truly be INTERACTIVE for the user. This new brand will be a hub for those who wan t to not only watch and follow their teams and players, but also participate in the journey.To do this, first and foremost, the new app must be given a new name. Although BAM could stand to leverage the already-popular brand for the purpose of the new launch, there are a few reasons why they should go with a different brand name. Customers will automatically assume that the products are the same (both specifically made for Apple products, therefore assuming the features and specs are identical). Therefore, BAM should go with a name that vividly describes the interactive user experience, such as MLB Experience or Home Field Advantage.Setting the stage early in terms of its name will truly help to set this product apart from the rest. With that, there should be a different price charged for this new iPad application. For the same reason that a similar name would confuse users, the new product should be a tad bit pricier (not terribly higher than the iPhone application, but enough to d emonstrate the full value of its features). Since the price of this application would be directly compared to At Bat, I would suggest putting the price in the $20-$25 range for the length of the season.Finally, the features need to encompass some of what At Bat does, but then bring the user experience to an entirely new level. Users will be exposed to live video with superimposed stats, live fantasy updates right on the screen, unique statistics (for instance, how well does this hitter do with two outs and runners in scoring position), and other pre-game and post-game interviews, To further differentiate between the existing products, the iPad application should not just offer two free games per day.Instead, they should have an â€Å"introductory demo package† that will give users 1 month of free usage, which is a one-time offer. This will allow MLB fans to see all the perks associated with the app, and essentially become hooked with 100 games left to go in the regular season . Following the initial trial package, they can allow for one or two free games per week, to allow those who haven’t experienced the app. This will avoid the criticism and the dilemma that the At Bat is facing by trying to reduce the amount of free games offered.Furthermore, the iPad application can sell individual games in an a-la-carte type of menu, but only if those games are at a higher price than At Bat. Since fans will be receiving a higher-quality experience with more features, the price per game should be $1. 49, and fans will be able to access this individual game at any time. By maintaining a separate brand for the iPad app, the company can encourage users and fans to purchase multiple products, which will ultimately prevent cannibalization of revenues. It will require more of a marketing push, but BAM can leverage other sources to aid in this effort.